1. Research

Qualitative Data

Letters, Literature

cannot be counted or measured

collected from Text, Audio, Open ended surveys

observations and images

Quantitative Data

Numbers

Information can be counted and measured

Reliability

produces consistent results over time, in several different trials with the same variables?

Research tool - Device

an object

phone

computer

car

same result over and over

Validity

the degree to which a research instrument measures what it is designed to measure

Research Instrument

interview

questionaires

test

measures what it is supposed to measure

External Validity

The degree to which you can generalize the findings of a study to other settings, situations, people and measures

-diverse population

Predictive validity

Predict future outcome

SAT and GPA predict success

criterion measure

Concurrent Validity

Comparing 2 test at the same time

new test and established test

Construct Validity

Cant be measured or Observed directly

intelligence

happiness

dr. ask you to rate your pain based on faces 0-10

Independent Variable

The variable you control, modify, change, manipulate

consumption of fast food

cafeine

Dependent Variable

Variable you do not touch

Observe

blood pressure, sleep

Cross sectional Design

Obtain data 1time from 1 group, different ages

diverse

Longitudinal Study

Obtain data over time - 1 group

Cross sequential Design

A combination of cross sectional and longitudinal design. Groups of people from several different ages are measured. And then followed overtime.

Divide people by group - many groups

long period of time

Experimental/Randomized Control Group

Random Selection

2 groups, one receives the experiment the other doesn’t (control)

Single Subject Design

1 person receiving the experiment

ABA

Baseline

Intervention

Baseline

Retrospective Design

Looking Back

Quasi Experimental Research

Resembling a randomized control trial but does not involve random assignments

You know the backround of participants

you decide who receives the treatment

control

not ethical

Control Group

In an experiment, this is a group of research participant that does not receive the new treatment being study