Review of Key Historical Concepts and Events

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering significant historical concepts, events, and ideologies from multiple units of history.

What philosophy influenced Song China alongside Buddhism?

Confucianism.

Who initiated the unification of various Mongol groups?

Temujin, also known as Genghis Khan.

What type of economy flourished in Song China due to innovations?

Commercialization.

What was the primary ideology promoted via the Civil Service Examination in China?

Confucian ideologies.

What city became the center of the Aztec Empire?

Tenochtitlan.

Name the movement that encouraged worshiping only one Hindu god in South Asia.

Bhakti Movement.

Which empire is known for the development of the Mita System?

Inca Civilization.

What trade route connected North Africa with the interior of West Africa?

Trans-Saharan Trade.

What was a major impact of the Bubonic Plague on trade routes?

It spread rapidly due to improved trade route safety.

Who wrote the 95 Theses, challenging the practices of the Catholic Church?

Martin Luther.

What economic system focused on maximizing exports over imports?

Mercantilism.

What year did the West half of the Roman Empire fall?

476 CE.

What document ended World War I and imposed penalties on Germany?

Treaty of Versailles.

Who established a trading post empire in the Indian Ocean during the Age of Exploration?

Portuguese.

What were the motivations behind the Crusades?

To reclaim the holy land from Muslims.

What system involved peasants being bound to the land for protection?

Manorialism.

What was the dominant religion in the Swahili Civilization?

Islam.

What led to the rise of nationalism in the early 20th century?

Political dissent and new thinking patterns.

Which revolutionary leader led the Haitian Revolution?

Toussaint L’ouverture.

What type of governance did the Young Turks implement in the Ottoman Empire?

Secular reforms and political elections.

What was the main purpose of the Berlin Conference?

To divide Africa into colonies and prevent conflict between European nations.

What economic transformation occurred due to the Industrial Revolution?

Transition from agrarian economies to industrial economies.

Who was the major proponent of social contract theory during the Enlightenment?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

What economic strategy did Britain use to ensure its dominance in the late 19th century?

Industrialization.

What effect did the Opium Wars have on China’s economy?

Opened Chinese ports to British trade.

What technological advancement helped facilitate maritime trade?

Magnetic compass.

How did Sufism influence Islam's spread?

It integrated mystical experiences appealing to wider audiences.

In which year did the Russian Revolution occur?

1917.

What was the primary cause of the Great Depression in 1929?

The stock market crash.

What concept justifies the belief that western societies are superior due to survival of the fittest?

Social Darwinism.

What was the key characteristic of total war?

Mobilization of entire populations.

What system did the Spanish use to manage their colonies in the Americas?

Casta System.

How did the Meiji Restoration affect Japan?

Began aggressive industrialization.

Which agreement ended hostilities in World War II?

N/A; hostilities ended with unconditional surrender.

What was the significance of the Marshall Plan?

Provided financial aid to rebuild Europe after WWII.

Which technological development marked the First Industrial Revolution?

Steam engine.

Which revolution was inspired by Enlightenment ideals of liberty and rights?

American Revolution.

What event directly led to the start of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

What was the primary goal of the Opium Wars?

To ensure British trade dominance in China.

What reform movement in Europe sought to address the issues created by industrialization?

Labor unions.

What ideology emerged as a response to class struggle during the Industrial Revolution?

Marxism.

Which political agreement aimed to establish self-governance for states after WWI?

The principle of self-determination.

Which Asian empire adopted Western industrial practices to fend off foreign domination?

Japan.

What led to the establishment of the United Nations after WWII?

The desire for preventing future conflicts and promoting cooperation.

Which empires notably resisted their imperial powers during the age of colonial expansion?

Indigenous peoples through various revolts.

What economic changes occurred due to imperialism in colonized regions?

Development of export economies tailored to imperial needs.

What notable cultural exchange occurred due to the Columbian Exchange?

Transfer of diseases, plants, and animals between hemispheres.

Who were the Axis Powers in World War II?

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

What was a major result of the Treaty of Nanjing?

Forced opening of Chinese trading ports to the British.

What was a primary goal of propaganda during World War I and II?

To maintain morale and justify the war effort.

Which resistance movement aimed at achieving independence through peaceful means?

Gandhi's non-violent protest in India.

What system did the Ottoman Empire implement to gain administrative power?

Devshirme system.

What economic belief shifted in the 19th century as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

From mercantilism to free market economics.

Which movements emerged among various religious communities in response to colonial rule?

Revivalist movements.

What was the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion?

Increased foreign intervention in China.

How did gender roles shift during the Industrial Age?

Women took on roles traditionally held by men.