DRRR Long Test (May 15, 2025)

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43 Terms

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RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

is the downward movement of soil, rock, and debris due to gravity. are caused by heavy rainfall that increases the weight of the soil and reduces its cohesion.

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CAUSES OF RAINFALL INDUCED LANDSLIDES

Excessive rainfall saturates the soil. Weak or unconsolidated soil or rock layers. Steep slopes or mountainsides.

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SIGNS OF IMPENDING LANDSLIDES

Cracking of walls, floors, or roads. Soil erosion at the foot of slopes. Water pooling in unexpected areas.

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IMPACT OF RAINFALL INDUCED LANDSLIDES

Loss of lives and injuries. Destruction of homes and infrastructure. Disruption of transportation and communication systems. Damage to agricultural lands

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Early Warning Systems:

Use rainfall intensity monitoring and slope stability assessment.

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Proper Drainage Systems:

Prevent water from accumulating in vulnerable areas.

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Soil Stabilization:

Plant grass and trees to reduce soil erosion

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Land Use Planning:

Avoid construction in high-risk landslide areas

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SINKHOLE

is a depression or hole in the ground caused by the collapse of a surface layer, often resulting from underground erosion or the dissolution of soluble bedrock (like limestone).

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Natural:

Erosion of limestone, gypsum, or other soluble rocks by water.

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Human:

Over-extraction of groundwater, drilling, or construction.

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SIGNS OF IMPENDING SINKHOLES

Cracking in roads, foundations, or sidewalks. Sudden appearance of depressions in the ground. Changes in the flow of underground water.

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IMPACT OF SINKHOLES

Collapsing of roads and buildings. Submergence of agricultural lands. Disruption of utilities like water, gas, and electricity. Potential loss of life.

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Groundwater Management

Monitor and control the extraction of groundwater.

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Geotechnical Investigations:

Conduct site assessments before construction.

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Land Use Regulation:

Restrict development in sinkhole-prone areas.

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Awareness and Education:

Inform communities of sinkhole risks and signs.

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TYPHOON (BAGYO)

A severe tropical cyclone characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall

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Tropical Depression (TD)

Less than 62 km/h

Less than 17.2 m/s

Less than 34 kt

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Tropical Storm (TS)

62-88 km/h

17.2-24.4 m/s

34-47 kt

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Severe Tropical Storm (STS)

89-117 km/h

24.5-32.6 m/s

48-63 kt

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Typhoon

118-184 km/h

32.7-51.2 m/s

64-99 kt

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Super Typhoon

185 km/h or higher

51.3 m/s or higher

100 kt or higher

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SIGNS OF IMPENDING TYPHOON:

Intensifying rain and wind. Sea level disturbances. Weather advisories from PAGASA.

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MONITORING TOOLS:

PAGASA Typhoon Bulletin

Project NOAH

Hazard Hunter PH

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Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

PAGASA

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TYPHOON YOLANDA

One of the most devastating typhoons to hit the Philippines, it caused widespread destruction in the Visayas region, particularly in Tacloban City, where wind speeds reached 315 km/h.

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THUNDERSTORM

A localized storm producing lightning, thunder, heavy rain, and sometimes hail.

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SIGNS OF IMPENDING THUNDERSTORM:

Dark, towering cumulonimbus clouds. Sudden drop in temperature. Static in radio transmissions.

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FLASH FLOOD

A _______ occurring within minutes or hours after heavy rainfall or dam failure. Common in lowlying urban areas with poor drainage

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FLOOD (BAHA)

Overflow of water submerging normally dry land. Can result from typhoons, thunderstorms, or prolonged rains.

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STORM SURGE

An abnormal rise in sea level during tropical cyclones due to strong winds pushing water toward the shore.

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EL NIÑO

A prolonged warming of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. Causes droughts, reduced rainfall, and agricultural impact in the Philippines.

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LA NIÑA

A prolonged cooling of the Pacific Ocean. Leads to above-normal rainfall, increased flooding, and landslides.

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“Fire Prevention Month” in the Philippines.

According to the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP, 2024), fire incidents increase notably during March,

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The Fire Triangle

explains the necessary elements to sustain combustion:

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Fuel

any combustible material (e.g., wood, fabric, gasoline);

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Heat

an energy source that raises the material to its ignition temperature;

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Oxygen

typically available from the atmosphere

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Incipient Phase

The fire starts; early suppression is possible;

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Growth Phase

Fire spreads; structural conditions deteriorate;

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Fully Developed Phase

Maximum combustion; highest threat to life and property;

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Decay Phase

Fire diminishes, but hazards from toxic gases and weakened structures remain