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RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDE
is the downward movement of soil, rock, and debris due to gravity. are caused by heavy rainfall that increases the weight of the soil and reduces its cohesion.
CAUSES OF RAINFALL INDUCED LANDSLIDES
Excessive rainfall saturates the soil. Weak or unconsolidated soil or rock layers. Steep slopes or mountainsides.
SIGNS OF IMPENDING LANDSLIDES
Cracking of walls, floors, or roads. Soil erosion at the foot of slopes. Water pooling in unexpected areas.
IMPACT OF RAINFALL INDUCED LANDSLIDES
Loss of lives and injuries. Destruction of homes and infrastructure. Disruption of transportation and communication systems. Damage to agricultural lands
Early Warning Systems:
Use rainfall intensity monitoring and slope stability assessment.
Proper Drainage Systems:
Prevent water from accumulating in vulnerable areas.
Soil Stabilization:
Plant grass and trees to reduce soil erosion
Land Use Planning:
Avoid construction in high-risk landslide areas
SINKHOLE
is a depression or hole in the ground caused by the collapse of a surface layer, often resulting from underground erosion or the dissolution of soluble bedrock (like limestone).
Natural:
Erosion of limestone, gypsum, or other soluble rocks by water.
Human:
Over-extraction of groundwater, drilling, or construction.
SIGNS OF IMPENDING SINKHOLES
Cracking in roads, foundations, or sidewalks. Sudden appearance of depressions in the ground. Changes in the flow of underground water.
IMPACT OF SINKHOLES
Collapsing of roads and buildings. Submergence of agricultural lands. Disruption of utilities like water, gas, and electricity. Potential loss of life.
Groundwater Management
Monitor and control the extraction of groundwater.
Geotechnical Investigations:
Conduct site assessments before construction.
Land Use Regulation:
Restrict development in sinkhole-prone areas.
Awareness and Education:
Inform communities of sinkhole risks and signs.
TYPHOON (BAGYO)
A severe tropical cyclone characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall
Tropical Depression (TD)
Less than 62 km/h
Less than 17.2 m/s
Less than 34 kt
Tropical Storm (TS)
62-88 km/h
17.2-24.4 m/s
34-47 kt
Severe Tropical Storm (STS)
89-117 km/h
24.5-32.6 m/s
48-63 kt
Typhoon
118-184 km/h
32.7-51.2 m/s
64-99 kt
Super Typhoon
185 km/h or higher
51.3 m/s or higher
100 kt or higher
SIGNS OF IMPENDING TYPHOON:
Intensifying rain and wind. Sea level disturbances. Weather advisories from PAGASA.
MONITORING TOOLS:
PAGASA Typhoon Bulletin
Project NOAH
Hazard Hunter PH
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
PAGASA
TYPHOON YOLANDA
One of the most devastating typhoons to hit the Philippines, it caused widespread destruction in the Visayas region, particularly in Tacloban City, where wind speeds reached 315 km/h.
THUNDERSTORM
A localized storm producing lightning, thunder, heavy rain, and sometimes hail.
SIGNS OF IMPENDING THUNDERSTORM:
Dark, towering cumulonimbus clouds. Sudden drop in temperature. Static in radio transmissions.
FLASH FLOOD
A _______ occurring within minutes or hours after heavy rainfall or dam failure. Common in lowlying urban areas with poor drainage
FLOOD (BAHA)
Overflow of water submerging normally dry land. Can result from typhoons, thunderstorms, or prolonged rains.
STORM SURGE
An abnormal rise in sea level during tropical cyclones due to strong winds pushing water toward the shore.
EL NIÑO
A prolonged warming of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. Causes droughts, reduced rainfall, and agricultural impact in the Philippines.
LA NIÑA
A prolonged cooling of the Pacific Ocean. Leads to above-normal rainfall, increased flooding, and landslides.
“Fire Prevention Month” in the Philippines.
According to the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP, 2024), fire incidents increase notably during March,
The Fire Triangle
explains the necessary elements to sustain combustion:
Fuel
any combustible material (e.g., wood, fabric, gasoline);
Heat
an energy source that raises the material to its ignition temperature;
Oxygen
typically available from the atmosphere
Incipient Phase
The fire starts; early suppression is possible;
Growth Phase
Fire spreads; structural conditions deteriorate;
Fully Developed Phase
Maximum combustion; highest threat to life and property;
Decay Phase
Fire diminishes, but hazards from toxic gases and weakened structures remain