Biology - Exam 3

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106 Terms

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Fimbriae

surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface

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Protection

The function of a bacterium’s capsule

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D

DNA containing region

<p>DNA containing region</p>
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Nucleoid region

where is a bacterial cell’s DNA found

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Ribosomes

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized

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Cell Wall

Rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell. made from cellulose fibrils

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Plasma membrane

The bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell

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C

The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of the bacterial cell

<p>The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of the bacterial cell</p>
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Mitochondrion

H

<p>H</p>
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Nucleus

G

<p>G</p>
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

F

<p>F</p>
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

E

<p>E</p>
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Golgi Apparatus

D

<p>D</p>
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Central Vacuole

A

<p>A</p>
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Cell Wall

B

<p>B</p>
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Chloroplast

C

<p>C</p>
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Central Vacuole

Regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure and stores cell compounds

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Chloroplast

Makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy

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Mitochondrion

Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell

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Golgi Apparatus

Modifies and packages proteins

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Cytoskeleton

A

<p>A</p>
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Ribosomes

B

<p>B</p>
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Nucleus

C

<p>C</p>
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

D

<p>D</p>
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Cytosol

E

<p>E</p>
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Golgi Apparatus

F

<p>F</p>
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

G

<p>G</p>
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Mitochondrion

H

<p>H</p>
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Plasma Membrane

I

<p>I</p>
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Nucleus

Stores the genetic information of the cell

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Lysosome

Breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes

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Mitochondrion

Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell

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Ribosome

Works with mRNA to synthesize proteins

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site of lipid synthesis

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Mitochondrion

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell

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Cytoskeleton

The structural framework in the cell

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Mitochondria

Where in a cell is ATP made

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mRNA

carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm

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Ribosomes

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

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Endomembrane System

includes the ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles - manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins

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Lysosomes

breaks down worn-out organelles

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Where are lipids made in the cell

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in the middle 1800s

when was the idea of the cell theory developed

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Cytoplasm

all of the material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, except for the nucleus.

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Organelle

The nucleus is an example of a cell __________, one of a number of tiny membrane-enclosed structures found in many cells.

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microtubule

A(n) ___________ is a small, hollow strand of the protein tubulin that enables movement of cell structures and is a major component of cilia and flagella.

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lysosome

A(n) ___________ is a membrane-bound cell structure that digests worn-out cellular material and foreign matter that enters the cell.

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prokaryotic

A(n) ___________ cell lacks a nucleus.

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eukaryotic

A(n) ________ cell has a "true" membrane-enclosed nucleus.

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endoplasmic reticulum

The ____________ ___________ is a system of membranes and channels where proteins and lipids are synthesized.

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True

Prokaryotic cells do not have cilia

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Prokaryote

What is the smallest living thing in the following list: frog embryo, mitochondrion, prokaryote, virus, atom?

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Cell membranes

Where are phospholipids found

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DNA

what provides the instruction code for making proteins

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C

organelle that contains most of a cell’s DNA

<p>organelle that contains most of a cell’s DNA </p>
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Mitochondrion

carries out cellular respiration

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E

double membrane that encloses the nucleus

<p>double membrane that encloses the nucleus </p>
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Chromatin

composed of DNA and protein

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Nucleous

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the

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Ribosomes

sites of protein synthesis

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Rough endoplasmic reticulum

manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Where is calcium stored

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A

stores, modifies, and packages products

<p><span>stores, modifies, and packages products</span></p>
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Microtubules

hollow rods that shape and support the cell

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Basal bodies

identical in structure to centrioles

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Peroxisome

Produces H2O2 as a byproduct

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Microtubules

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of

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Lysosome

plays a role in intracellular digestion

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Central Vacuoles

found only in plants and provides internal support for the plant

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E

Which structure’s function is stabilization of the phospholipids

<p>Which structure’s function is stabilization of the phospholipids</p>
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Phospholipid bilayer of membrane

D

<p>D</p>
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glycoprotein

A

<p>A</p>
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Side with lower concentration square molecules

A

<p>A</p>
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Transport protein

B

<p>B</p>
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Energy input from the cell

C

<p>C</p>
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Plasma membrane

D

<p>D</p>
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Side with higher concentration of square molecules

E

<p>E</p>
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Side with higher concentration of molecules

A

<p>A</p>
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Plasma membrane

B

<p>B</p>
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Side with lower concentration of molecules

C

<p>C</p>
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Diffusion causes a net movement of molecules down their concentration gradient

D

<p>D</p>
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Plasma membrane

A

<p>A</p>
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Side with higher concentration of molecules

B

<p>B</p>
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Side with lower concentration of molecules

C

<p>C</p>
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Facilitates diffusion causes a net movement of molecules down their concentraion gradient

D

<p>D</p>
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Transport protein

E

<p>E</p>
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Exocytosis

A vesicle inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents outside the cell

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Facilitated Diffusion

A form of passive transport. Molecules move across the plasma membrane using a transport protein

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Endocytosis

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell

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Diffusion

A form of passive transport. Molecules move across the plasma membrane by crossing the lipid bilayer

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Active Transport

Requires energy from the cell. Molecules move against their concentration gradient

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active transport

molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.

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endocytosis

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell.

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Tight junction

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?  

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Desmosomes

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together

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Gap junctions

aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent in animal cells

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isotonic

A(n) _________ solution has the same concentration of dissolved particles as an adjacent solution.

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Phagocytosis

________ is the movement of large materials into a cell by wrapping extensions of the plasma membrane around the material and engulfing it by fusing the extensions together.

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transport proteins

Embedded within the phospholipid bilayer surrounding a cell are ________ _______, which regulate the movement of hydrophilic molecules from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

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hypotonic

A(n) _________ solution has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than an adjacent solution