Kinetic Particle Theory

What is Kinetic particle model of matter?

The kinetic particle model of matter is made up of tiny particles in continuous motion.

What is Temperature

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, reflecting how hot or cold it is.

What is pressure?

Pressure is the force exerted by particles per unit area on a surface, generally increasing with temperature and decreasing with volume.

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the process by which particles spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, driven by their kinetic energy.

Movement of particles in a Solid

Vibrate in fixed positions

Movement of particles in a Liquid

Particles slide past one another

Movement of particles in Gas

Particles move at high speeds randomly

Arrangement of particles in Solid

Closely packed, orderly arranged

Arrangement of particles in Liquid

Closely packed, disorderly arranged

Arrangement of particles in Gas

Far apart, random arrangement

Forces of attraction in Solid

Strong between particles

Forces of attraction in Liquid

Moderate between particles.

Forces of attraction in Gas

Weak and negligible between particles

Brownian motion

Random movement of particles in a fluid due to collisions.

Why does temperature stay the same during a change of state?

Because the energy is used to break intermolecular bonds rather than increase temperature.

What is Diffusion

The process by which particles spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, driven by their kinetic energy.

What affects rate of diffusion

• Temperature (the higher the faster)

• concentration gradient (the higher the faster)

• molecular mass (the lower the faster)