BIOL 1031 - Lab Practical Exam #1

The organism pictured belongs to phylum:

• Euglenozoa

• Apicomplexa

• Foraminifera

• Radiolaria

And what is the organism?

Phylum: Euglenozoa

Organism: Trypanosoma

The red dot pictured at the top of this organism (Euglena) is called a/an:

• Eyespot

• Flagellum

• Cilium

• Clitellum

Eyespot

This organism (phylum Foraminifera) produces a _______ test.

• Calcerous

• Siliceous

• Glass

• Chloroplast

Calcerous

What species is this?

• Volvox

• Oedogonium

• Chlamydomonas

• Plasmodium

Volvox

This organism belongs to the phylum:

• Phaeophyta

• Rhodophyta

• Chlorophyta

• MyxogastridaWha

And what is the organism?

Phylum: Phaeophyta

Organism: Brown algae

This organism falls within phylum:

• Myxogastrida

• Ciliophora

• Euglenozoa

• Rhodophyta

And what is the organism?

Phylum: Myxogastrida

Organism: Slime

This organism belongs to the phylum:

• Rhodophyta

• Phaeophyta

• Chlorophyta

• Ascomycota

And what is the organism?

Phylum: Rhodophyta

Organism: Red algae

In the gametic meiosis life cycle, in what type of cell does mitosis occur? (Remember that a 1N cell has one set of chromosomes per nucleus, and a 2N cell has two sets of chromosomes per nucleus).

• 2n (diploid) cells only

• 1n (haploid) cells only

• Both 1 n (haploid) and 2n (diploid) cells only

• Mitosis does not occur in this life cycle

2n (diploid) cells only

This organism belongs to the phylum ___________ and possesses pseudopodia.

• Gymnamoeba

• Euglenozoa

• Radiolaria

• Ciliphora

And what is the organism?

Phylum: Gymnamoeba

Organism: Amoeba

This organism falls within phylum:

• Apicomplexa

• Euglenozoa

• Radiolaria

• Chlorophyta

And what is the organism?

Phylum: Apicomplexa

Organism: Plasmodium vivax

Living organism can be either classified as __________ or __________.

1) Prokaryotic

• Archaea

• Bacteria

2) Eukaryotic

• Eukarya

  • Protista

  • Plantae

  • Fungi

What is the classification of living organisms? (Mnemonic: “Dear King Philip Came Over For Great Soup”)

• Domain

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

What are the 3 life cycles seen in eukaryotes?

• Zygotic meiosis

• Gametic meiosis

• Sporic meiosis (alternation of generations)

What is the phylum Foraminifera?

Marine; secrete a calcerous shell (“test”) that often forms spiral patterns.

What is the phylum Radiolaria?

Marine; secrete siliceous (glass-like) tests that are often fragile and only seen as fragments.

What is the phylum Euglenozoa?

Trypanosomes live in the blood of vertebrates; causes African sleeping sickness; carried by the Tsetse fly.

What is the phylum Apicomplexa?

Plasmodium is a parasite living in blood of mammals and birds that causes malaria; carried by Anopheles mosquitoes.

What is the phylum Chlorophyta?

Largest phylum of algae; often “look” like plants because some possess a thallus (a vegetative body but no true roots, stems, or leaves).

What is Chlamydomonas and what phylum is it in?

• 2 anterior flagella; cup-shaped chloroplast; pigmented eyespot

• Phylum Chlorophyta

What is Volvox and Gonium and what phylum are they in?

• Motile, colonial; Gonium are flattened and held together by gelatinous material; Volvox are large spheres; usually within the sphere are several daughter colonies.

• Phylum Chlorophyta

What is Hydrodictyon and what phylum is it in?

• Non-motile; colonial; branched; multinucleate cells separated by cross walls.

• Phylum Chlorophyta

What is Oedogonium and what phylum is it in?

• Non-motile and colonial; filamentous and unbranched filaments.

• Phylum Chlorophyta

What is Ulva and what phylum is it in?

• Multicellular; relatively large; mature body is a flattened, tissue-like sheet; “sea lettuce”.

• Phylum Chloropyhta

Cotyledons, radicles, and hypocotyls can all be found in:

• Seeds

• Spores

• Flagella

• Cilia

Seeds

Which of the following is a reason for the evolution of vascular plants we see today?

• Relocation from water to land.

• Relocation from land to water.

• Decreased vascular plant genes.

• Increased vascular plant diseases.

Relocation from water to land.

In sporic meiosis, plants alternate between a __________ (haploid) generation and a _________ (diploid) generation.

• Gametophyte; sporophyte

• Sporophyte; gametophyte

• Microglia; macroglia

• Thallus; Procambium

Gametophyte; sporophyte

True or false

Plantae is a phylum.

False

True or false

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are all vascular plants.

False

This is a cross-section of a pollen cone. what are the circular structures called?

• Pollen grains

• Sori

• Megasporangia

• Gemma Cups

Pollen grains

This organism is:

• Ginkgo biloba

• Ephedra

• Equisetum

• Oedogonium

Ginkgo biloba

the opening indicated in the ovulate cone cross-section is the:

• Micropyle

• Pollen tube

• Hypocotyl

• Integument

Micropyle

Everything EXCEPT the horn-like structures in this organism represents the ________ generation.

• Gametophyte (n, haploid)

• Gametophyte (2n, diploid)

• Sporophyte (2n, diploid)

• Sporophyte (n, haploid)

Gametophyte (n, haploid)

This organism belongs to phylum:

• Pterophyta

• Anthocerophyta

• Psilophyta

• Bryophyta

Pterophyta

Elaters are indicated by the latter:

• A

• B

A

The circled structures are called:

• Gemma ccups

• Micropyles

• Megasporangia

• Microsporangia

Gemma cups

Structure ____ is the hypocotyl

• A

• B

• C

• D

C

In Selaginella, structure “A” is the:

• Microsporangium

• Megasporangium

• Micropyle

• Macropyle

Microsporangium

Structure ____ is an ovulate cone in its first year and can receive pollen:

• C

• A

• B

• D

C

What ix xylem and phloem?

• Vascular tissues in seedless vascular plants.

• Xylem: For water and mineral transport; flow occurs only up from roots, rest of plant (the “shoot”).

• Phloem: For photosynthate and other nutrient transport; flow is in whatever direction is needed (up or down).

What is homospory and heterospory?

• Homospory: sporophytes (structures that produce spores) only produce one kind of spore.

• Heterospory: sporophytes produce two different kinds of spores called microspores and megaspores.

For flowering plants, the primary role of fruits is to:

• Feed animals

• Disperse and protect seeds

• Feed young plant seedlings

• Feed developing plant embryo tissue.

Disperse and protect seeds.

Flowering plants all fall within Phylum:

• Coniferophyta

• Gnetophyta

• Florophyta

• Anthophyta

Anthophyta

The typical life cycle of a plant is best described by:

• Sporic meiosis (alternation of generations)

• Zygotic meiosis

• Gametic meiosis

• Mitosis only

Sporic meiosis (alternation of generations)

The word “angiosperm” quite literally means:

• “Contained seed” or “vessel seed”

• “Naked seed”

• “Same seed”

• “Different seeds”

“Contained seed” or “vessel seed”

True or false

In a typical flowering plant, the endosperm is triploid (3n).

True

True or false

The stamen is the female portion of a flower.

False

The ovary wall is also known as the:

• Pericarp

• Cotyledon

• Endosperm

• Fruit

Pericarp

There are 3 groups of fruits. ________ fruits derive from separate carpels on one flower.

• Simple

• Aggregate

• Accessory

• Multiple

Aggregate

True or false

An incomplete flower has one or more whorls absent.

True

Which of the following categories most completely describes a magnolia fruit?

• Multiple, fleshy

• Aggregate, dry

• Simple, dry

• Simple, fleshy, accessory

Aggregate, dry

Monocots have _________ seed leaf(ves).

• One

• Two

• Three

• Four

One

The flower pictures here exhibits _______ symmetry.

• Radial

• Bilateral

Radial

Which of the following fruit categories most completely describes a pineapple?

• Multiple, fleshy

• Simple, fleshy, accessory

• Aggregate, dry, accessory

• Simple, fleshy

Multiple, fleshy

The structure pictured here is a/an:

• Embryo sac

• Cotyledon

• Pollen grain

• Aggregate fruit

Embryo sac

True or false

Fusing between whorls is connation.

False

If you were to describe the general life cycle of a plant, you would say:

• Sporic meiosis (alternation of generations)

• Gametic meiosis

• Zygotic meiosis

• Mitosis only

Sporic meiosis (alternation of generations)

What are the 2 groups of angiosperms?

• Monocots: 1 cotyledon (seed leaf); flower parts typically multiples of 3; leaves with parallel venation of vascular tissue.

• Eudicots (previously “dicots”): 2 cotyledons; flowers parts typically in multiples of 4 or 5; leaves with netlike or branched venation of vascular tissue.

Label the parts of the flower from left to right.

• Pistil ← Carpels more or equal to 1, part of Carpel (female)

• Stigma ← part of Carpel (female)

• Petal ← neither male or female

• Sepal ← part of Carpel (female)

• Ovary ← part of Carpel (female)

• Anther ← part of Stamen (male)

• Filament ← part of Stamen (male)

What are the 4 different whorls of a flower?

• Calyx → sepals (calyx means “cover”)

• Corolla → petals (“corolla car has pedals”)

• Androecium → stamens (Andro [like androgen] = male)

• Gynoecium → carpels (Gyn [like gynecologist] = female)

What does it mean for a flower to be complete or incomplete?

• Complete = flower has all 4 whorls

• Incomplete = at least one whorl is absent

What does it mean for a flower to be perfect or imperfect?

• Perfect = flower has both androecium (stamen) and gynoecium (pistil)

• Imperfect = flower is missing either androecium (stamen) or gynoecium (pistil)

What is connation and adnation?

• Connation = fusing WITHIN a whorl.

• Adnation = fusing BETWEEN whorls.

What is radial and bilateral symmetry and asymmetry?

• Radial = flower can be sliced like a pie and each slice looks the same.

• Bilateral = can only splice a flower in half to make them look the same.

• Asymmetry = is not symmetrical in the first place, so cannot slice the flower in a way to make it symmetrical.

What are the 3 different parts of the pericarp (ovary wall where fruit are formed from)?

• Exocarp = outer wall

• Mesocarp = in the middle

• Endocarp = inner wall; next to seed

What is an accessory fruit?

A fruit that contains tissue from parts of the flower other than the ovary.

Ex. apple, strawberry, cucumber

What are the 3 different groups of fruits?

• Simple = derived from one pistil

  Ex. acorn, maple, tomato, orange, lemon, apple, cucumber

• Aggregate = from separate carpels on one flower

  Ex. magnolia, strawberry

• Multiple = from multiple flowers

  Ex. pineapple

What are the 2 characteristics of pericarp?

• Fleshy = pericarp is fleshy/soft

  Ex. berries, eggplants, pineapple, tomato, orange, lemon, apple, cucumber

• Dry = pericarp is not fleshy

  Ex. nuts, magnolia, strawberry, acorn, maple

Xylem and phloem are best described as:

• Vascular tissue

• Organelles

• Plasma cell membrane components

• Animal tissue

Vascular tissue

When the terminal bud of a plant prevents the development of axillary buds, this is called:

• Apical dominance

• Axillary dominance

• Cptyledon impairment

• Phloem phylogeny

Apical dominance

The primary water conducting tissue that you would see in a stem cross-section is the:

• Xylem

• Phloem

• Collenchyma

• Cambium

Xylem

The “seed leaves” that are leaves that are part of a dormant embryo in a seed are called:

• Apical meristems

• Radicles

• Receptacles

• Cotyledons

Cotyledons

The growing tips of stems and roots are called:

• Cotyledons

• Apical meristems

• Receptacles

• Petioles

Apical meristems

What was the effect of auxin on axillary bud growth in Phaseolus?

• Auxin inhibited the growth of axillary buds.

• Auxin promoted the growth of axillary buds.

• Auxin made half of the plant tissue fall off.

• Auxin made xylem and phloem transport different photosynthates.

Auxin inhibited the growth of axillary buds.

True or false

When auxin was applied to Coleus, the petioles experienced abscission.

False

In general, pruned plants grow more ________, whereas unpruned plants grow more __________.

• Yellow; green

• Green; yellow

• Vertically; laterally

• Laterally; vertically

Laterally; vertically

A/an _______ is the stalk-like part of a leaf.

• Axillary bud

• Petiole

• Apical bud

• Cotyledon

Petiole

What is auxin?

• A plant hormone

• A structural part of a plant

• A cell type found in xylem

• A cell type found in phloem

A plant hormone

What does leaf abscission means?

• When leaves produce sori

• When leaves stop growing their xylem and phloem

• When leaves fall/drop from trees or other plants

• When leaves grow too big for the plant to support

When leaves fall/drop from trees or other plants

Which of the following terms is NOT associated with fungi?

• Heterotrophic

• Autotrophic

• Zygotic meiosis

• Mycelium

Autotrophic

The sac fungi are characterized by having the products of meiosis formed in a sac-like structure called the:

• Ascus

• Annulus

• Septum

• Basidium

Ascus

The sexual life cycle of all fungi known to have sexual reproduction is _______ meiosis.

• Zygotic

• Sporic

• Gametic

• Alternation of generation

Zygotic

The term _________ refers to when plants grow long and pale due to growing in the darkness.

• Etiolation

• Gigantism

• Apical dominance

• Karyogamy

Etiolation

A lichen is a symbiotic partnership of at least 2 different organisms. One of them is a fungal component called the:

• Mycobiont

• Photobiont

• Lichobiont

• Symbiont

Mycobiont

________ plants applied with gibberellic acid (GA3) appear like their normal, _________ counterparts.

• Dwarf; non-dwarf

• Non-dwarf; dwarf

• Gymnosperm; angiosperm

• Angiosperm; gymnosperm

Dwarf; non-dwarf

How are dwarf plants and gibberellins related?

• Dwarf plants are mutated to the point where they can’t make their own gibberellins

• Dwarf plants are mutated to the point where they make too many gibberellins

• Dwarf plants are mutated to the point where they make gibberellins instead of auxin

• Dwarf plants are mutated, but they can still produce comparable amounts of gibberellins compared to normal plants

Dwarf plants are mutated to the point where they can’t make their own gibberellins

Simply by looking at the coloration of these 2 speciments, which one do you predict was grown in the light?

A

The dark pink structures located toward the top of this Peziza ascus are called:

• Ascospores

• Basidiospores

• Conidiospores

• Sporangia

Ascospores

You’re reading about a phylum that ends in -mycota. You can confidently predict that it is a/an:

• Fungus

• Plant

• Animal

• Protist

Fungus

Fungi primarily rely on _______ for reproduction.

• Spores

• Pollen

• Roots

• Lichens

Spores

This is a ________ lichen.

• Crustose

• Foliose

• Fruticose

• Sucralose

Crustose

Which of the following is NOT an effect of plants grown in the dark?

• Longer internodes

• Shorter internodes

• Limited leaf expansion

• Pale coloration

Shorter internodes

Gibberellins can:

• Increase shoot growth

• Promote cell division

• Promote cell elongation

• All of these

All of these

What are dwarf mutants?

Don’t respond to auxins or cytokinins (plant hormones that promote growth), but when gibberelic acid is applied to these plants, they become indistinguishable from normal, tall varieties.

What is etiolation and the results?

• Refers to plants that have been growing in the dark (greatly reduced amount of light).

• Results: increased stem elongation; poor leaf development; lack of chlorophyll

What is phylum Ascomycota?

• Sac fungi

• Defined by ascus

What is phylum Basidiomycota?

• Club fungi

• mushrooms, toadstools, shelf fungi, stinkhorns, puffballs

• Defined by a basidium

What are lichens?

• Symbiotic relationship between a heterotrophic fungus (mycobiont) and an autotrophic alga or bacterium (photobiont)

• Usually a mutualistic relationship (both benefit)

What are the 3 types of lichens?

• Crustose = crustlike

• Foliose = leaflike

• Fruticose = shrublike