Chapter 1 Keywords and Principles A Level Chemistry Edexcel
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Last updated 1:03 PM on 10/13/22
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29 Terms
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Atomic number
Number of protons in an atoms = Z
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Mass number
Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus = A
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Relative Atomic Mass
Ar = average of the masses of the atom compared to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
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Relative molecular amss
Mr = sum of relative atomic masses of the atoms present in the formula of a molecule/compound
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Relative isotopic mass
The mass of an individual atom of a particular isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
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Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons
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VIADD
Vaporisation, Ionisation, Acceleration, Deflection, Detection - process of the mass spectrometer
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Quantum shell
Defines the energy level of an electron
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Orbital
Region within at atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
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Hund's rule
Electrons occupy orbitals singularly before pairing takes place
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Pauli Exclusion Principle
States that two electrons cannot occupy the same orbital unless they have opposite spins
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Aufbau principle
An electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it
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Order of electron orbitals
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p
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1st ionisation energy
Energy required to remove an electron form each atom in one mole of atoms in the gaseous state
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Lithium flame colour
Red
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Sodium flame colour
Yellow/Orange
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Potassium flame colour
Lilac
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Rubidium flame colour
Red/purple
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Caesium flame colour
Blue/violet
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Beryllium flame colour
No colour
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Magnesium flame colour
No colour
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Calcium flame colour
Brick red
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Copper flame colour
Blue
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Strontium flame colour
Crimson red
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Barium flame colour
Apple green
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S-block element
An element that has the highest energy electron in a s-orbital
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P-block element
An element that has the highest energy electron in a p-orbital
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D-block element
An element with a d-orbital in the outer quantum shell
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Periodicity
A regular repeating pattern of atomic, physical and chemical properties with increasing atomic number
Note 
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