UNC JAZZ (MUSIC 145) Exam 3

Internal form

form of song

Macroform

form of sections

1. Decline in Big Bands
2. Rise in Singers
3. Rise in small groups

3 significant trends that created substyles of Jazz in the 1950's

1. "Cool" Jazz
2. Hard Bop (funk/soul)
3. Thirdstream

3 main substyles of Jazz developed in 50's

King of "cool' Jazz

Miles Davis

Scoring technique

similar to block chord style; 9 voices moving in parallel motion w/ tightly configured chords

"Cool Jazz"

Like Bebop, but played more gently

Miles Davis-trumpet; Julian Adderly-Alto Sax; John Coltrane- Tenor Sax; Paul Chambers-bass; Wynton Kelly-piano; Bill Evans-piano

Miles "Kind of Blue" recording

Miles Davis-trumper, Dexter Gordon-tenor sax, Clifford Brown-trumpet (clean cut/no drugs), Art Blakey, Horace Silver

Notable Hard Bop Musicians

Art Blakey and Horace Silver

Jazz Messengers Founders

Formulaic improvisation

Way of learning music used by beboppers due to a lot of chord changes in quick succession. (learning formulas and putting them over other songs

Motive Development

Development common in classical music that has 2 facets (Rhythm and shape). Improviser can vary one, while keeping the other constant

Sonny Rollins

Famous motivic Jazz player; less formulatic;more improvisation; constantly questioned himself and practiced on bridge

Lee Morgan

Funky Jazz musician; best known song is Sidewinder; started turn towards funky and rock grooves

Ahmad Jamal

Very influential on Miles davis; lots of space; sparse vs bombastic

Gil Evans

Famous white composer who collaborated with Miles Davis

Bill Evans

The "creator" of modern jazz piano. Had a rough life, lost a lot of loved ones starting with bestfriend and bassist Scott LaFaro. First major Piano innovator since Bud Powell. Played with Miles Davis.

"So What" recording

Modal Jazz, Bill Evans and MiIes Davis. "Antithesis": of bebop. Only 2 total chord changes.

Thelonious Monk

Original Bebop Pianist. Unorthodox thechnique that was veyr hoppy (flat fingers). 1951-took arrest for Bud Powell. Loving Wife-Nellie. Baraness "Nica" loved him and helped him.

Baraness Pannanica de Kaenigswarter ("Nica")

Born into one of most wealthy jewish families in the world. Leaves her wealthy husband and children behind and goes to America after hearing "Round Midnight" by Monk. Spends her life helping out Black Jazz musicians. Charlie Parker dies eating chicken in her hotel room.

Charles Mingus

"Angry Man of Jazz" Lived on West Coast but DID NOT play west coast style. Played 3rd stream.

Scott LaFaro

Clean cut bassist that played with Bill Evans in famous trio. Made huge change to bass playing by NOT WALKING the bass and lowering the action which gave him more ability to play busily. Died in car accident at 25.

Evans-Piano, Lafaro-Bass, Paul Motian-drums. This trio marks a turn towards contrapuntal texture

Bill Evans Trio

1. Lafaro-carr accident
2 .father-suicide
3. Peri Cousins (long time gf)-kills herself bc Evans dumps her
4 .Mother
5. Brother-suicide

Bill Evan's 5 major deaths

Evans: Powell:
1. Rootless, didn't play on 1 VS 1. Based on root
2. rhythmically: short jabs 2. rhythmically longer note

Bill Evans vs. Bud Powell

Eddie Gomez

Next Major Bassist who joins Evans after Lafaro

60s-70s; yet he lived under bridge due to depression and seclusion

Time period that Bill Evans was most popular

"Solar"-Sunday at the Village Vanguard

Tune and location that Bill Evans trio and Lafaro had monumental recording that changes Bass

1. Miles Davis-Trumpet
2.Wayne Shorter-Tenor Sax
3. Herbie Hancock-Piano
4.Ron Carter- Bass
5. Tony Williams- Drums

Miles Davis 2nd Great Quintet

My Funny Valentine (1964)

2nd great quintet's most famous performance. The performance was influenced by village vanguard and stretched the tune into a new direction. All the band members were angry bc they were playing for free.

Avant Garde

Experimental movement in Jazz. A reaction to cool and bebop jazz. Focused on elements other than melody/harmony such as timbre, texture, sound, noise, etc.

John Coltrane (later years), Ornette Coleman, Cecil Taylor, and Sun Ra.

Notable Avant Garde Musicians

John Coltrane

Born in Hamlet, NC. Tenor Sax player. Experimented with many different religions and philosophies. "Sheets of Sound"-special improv style that changed Jazz improv forever.

1. Early-Hard Bop-quick and tricky chord changes
2.Middle-Modality, Power!-composed modal tunes
3.Late-Avant Garde-interest in world/experimental music

Coltrane's 3 stages of Sound/genre

Moldy figs

Derogatory term used against Avant Garde artists by more standard Jazz artists

Ornette Coleman

Had one of first Avant-Garde Songs, had no piano

Cecil Taylor

Thought piano was 88 tuned drums/not much melodic structure

Sun Ra

Believed he was from Saturn, inspired a lot of futuristic African music

McCoy Tyner

Musician famous for stacking/comping on the 4ths

1. John Coltrane-tenor sax
2. McCoy Tyner-Piano
3. Jimmy Garrison-Bass
4. Elvin Jones- drums

Classic Quartet

1. gradual continuation of bop
2. turn towards "roots of Jazz" Bluesy
3. funky or soul jazz

3 definitions of hard bop

Hard Bop

Bebop +church music+blues=

Gunther Schuller

classical composer who favored motive development-hallmark of Western Classical music

Third Stream Jazz

the movement/subtitle in jazz that relfected an interest in classical refinement

Brazilian

from with Rhythmically complex layering; Gentle, relaxed approach to rhythm

tertial harmony

chords stacked in 3rds

1. Fourths over the scale/mode
2. Fourths over chromatic scale

two types of "planning"