IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to hematological disorders, providing definitions for terms and conditions central to the lecture.

Hematological Disorders

Conditions affecting the blood, including anemias, leukemias, and clotting disorders.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.

Polycythemia Vera

A blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells, leading to increased blood viscosity and risk of thrombosis.

Leukocytosis

An increase in the number of white blood cells, often indicative of infection or inflammation.

Thrombocytopenia

A condition where there is a decrease in platelet count, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Bone Marrow Function

The production of blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) and regulation by growth factors.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

Neutrophils

The most abundant type of white blood cell, important for fighting infections and the body's first line of defense.

Monocytes

A type of white blood cell that differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells to help in immune response.

Fibrinolysis

The process of breaking down blood clots to restore normal blood flow.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

A serious condition characterized by simultaneous clotting and bleeding due to systemic activation of the coagulation cascade.

Intrinsic pathway

The coagulation pathway activated by damage to the blood vessel that leads to clot formation.

Extrinsic pathway

The coagulation pathway initiated by external trauma leading to blood vessel injury.

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen.

Thrombocythemia

A condition characterized by an abnormally high number of platelets, increasing the risk of clotting.

Aplastic Anemia

A serious condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

A deficiency that can lead to pernicious anemia characterized by large, immature red blood cells.

Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia

A type of megaloblastic anemia resulting from insufficient folate, leading to large, immature red blood cells.

Macrophages

Immune cells derived from monocytes that engulf and digest cellular debris and pathogens.

Neoplastic Disorders

Conditions related to the growth of tumors or abnormal tissue, such as leukemia.