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political party
a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office by supplying them with a label
factions
a name applied by some of the founders to political parties, to connote their tendency toward divisiveness
democratic-republicans
the political party founded and led by thomas jefferson
federalists
the political party founded and led by alexander hamilton
second-party system
the arrangement of political parties initiated by andrew jackson
stalwarts
a name for party professionals, as opposed to volunteers
mugwumps
a name for party volunteers who later come to form their own reform movement
nonpartisan election
an election in which candidates for office are not identified by party labels
tammany hall
a machine that began as a caucus of well-to-do notables in new york city
organizational party
a party that stresses national organization to raise money and give assistance to local candidates and party units
referendum
an election in which citizens directly approve or disapprove legislation proposed by the government
anti-masonic party
political party that held the first convention in american history
critical (or realigining) period
features a sharp, lasting shift in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties
initiative
an election in which citizens can place on the legislative agenda proposals by non-governement groups
superdelegates
elected officals who serve as delegates to the national convention
winner-take-all
an electoral system that gives the only office to candidate with the largest vote total, rather than apportioning numerous offices by precentage of the total vote
machine
a party unit that recruits members with tangible rewards and that is tightly controlled by the leadership
caucus
a closed meeting of party leaders to select party candidates
ideological
parties-that value principle above all else
solidary groups
parties organized around sociability, rather than tangible rewards or ideology
sponsored parties
party units established or maintained by outside groups
split ticket voting
the practice of voting for one major party’s candidate in state or local elections and the other’s at the national level
republican
only third party to ever win a presidential election
proportional representation
an electoral system that distributes numerous seats to parties on the basis of their precentage of the popular vote
factional parties
parties formed by a split within one of the major parties
hatch act
addressed the issue of federal civil service employees taking an active part in political management or campaigns
party column ballot
a ballot listing all candidates of a given party together under the name of that party
congressional campaign committee
a committee in each party to help elect or reelect members
national (party) chair
the person elected and paid to manage the day-to-day work of a national political party
national committee
delegates from each state who manage party affairs between conventions
national convention
a meeting of elected party delegates every four years to nominate presidential and vice-presidential candidates and ratify a campaign platform
two-party system
an electoral system in which two dominant parties that compete in state and national elections
office bloc ballot
a ballot listing all candidates for a given office under the name of that office
plurality system
an electoral system in which the winner is the person who gets the most votes but not necessarily a majority of votes
political machine
a party organization that reruits members by dispensing patronage
solidary incentives
the social rewards that lead people to join political organizations
personal following
the political support provided to a candidate on the basis of personal popularity and networks
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