AP World History Unit 1 Review: 1200-1460

Flashcards reviewing key concepts from the Unit 1 lecture notes, focusing on state-building, governance, and cultural developments from 1200-1460.

What is a state?

A territory politically organized under a single government.

How did the song dynasty stay in charge and run their state?

By emphasizing Confucianism.

What is Filial Piety?

Children must obey parents and honor them along with grandparents and ancestors.

What restrictions did women in the Song Dynasty endure?

Stripped of legal rights, limited access to education, and foot binding.

What is the Imperial Bureaucracy?

A government entity arranged in a hierarchical fashion that carries out the will of the emperor.

What was the Civil Service Exam?

Eligible men took a test to get a job in the Imperial Bureaucracy; only qualified men passed.

Name the new branches of Buddhism.

Theravada Buddhism (Sri lanka) and Mahayana Buddhism (east asia)

How did new forms of Buddhism arise

The belief system interested with various Asian cultures

Name three developments that led to economic and population growth in Song China.

The introduction of paper currency facilitated trade and commerce

champa rice, irrigation (the use of chain pumps and waterways, to manage water resources more effectively)

magnetic compass, which improved navigation for maritime travel. This innovation, combined with the enhancement of transportation infrastructure like canals and roads, significantly boosted trade and economic activity.

What is Champa Rice?

Easy-to-grow rice introduced to China that produced a lot of food, leading to significant population growth.

From Vietnam not a Chinese innovation

What was the Grand Canal?

The expansion of this facilitated trade and communication in Song China.

How was Europe organized during the period of 1200-1460?

Primarily through feudalism and manorialism due to decentralization and political fragmentation

What is Feudalism?

A system of alliances between powerful lords, monarchs, and knights in which vassals received land from lords in exchange for military service.

What is Manorialism?

A system in which society and economies were organized through manors, pieces of land owned by a lord and rented out to peasants who worked on the land.

Who are serfs?

Peasants who were bound to the land and worked in exchange for protection.

Name two major centers of civilization in the Americas.

Mesoamerica and the Andean Civilizations.

Which people founded the Aztec Empire?

The Mexica people.

What is tribute system

After the Aztec empire conquered people those people were required to provide labor and regular contributions of goods

How did enslaved people play an important role in the Aztec religion

They were used as human sacrifices to the gods

How did the Inca maintain power?

They were far more intrusive in the lives of the people they conquered, developing an elaborate bureaucracy and rigid hierarchy.

What is the Mita system?

A system requiring all people under Inca rule to provide labor on state projects.

Compare the Aztec and Inca empires.

The Aztecs were mostly decentralized in how they ruled, while the Inca were highly centralized.

What is the Mississippian Culture known for?

Their monumental mounds around which their towns were organized.

How was Swahili civilization organized?

Around commerce; cities grew more influential as they became more involved in the Indian Ocean trade.

What is Great Zimbabwe?

A civilization that contained massive structures and grew wealthy due to trade.

What is Swahili?

A new language that emerged with a mix of Bantu languages, Arabic alphabet and script, deeply influenced by Muslim traders.

What belief systems were followed in Europe?

Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism.

What belief systems were practiced in Dar-Al-Islam?

Judaism centered on the teachings of the Torah and the Hebrew Bible, Christianity extension of Judaism focused on the teachings of Jesus and Islam founded by the prophet Muhammad that salvation would be found in righteous actions

What are the continuity of Turkic Empires.

Military administrated their states and Established sharia law, legal code based on Quran

Name three of the main Belief Systems in South Asia.

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam

What are Bhakti Movements

Innovation on traditional polytheistic hinduism, emphasized the devotion to just one of the Gods and also mounted challenges to social and gender hierarchies

Give some details about South East Asia empires.

Diverse set of sea based and land based empires,Majapahit Kingdom (sea based, controlled the sea routes for trade but started declining)

Khmer Empire (land based) founded as Hindu but later converted to Buddhism

What happened to the Abbasid caliphate after it broke up

The entities were dominated by Turks not Arabs anymore as a result new Islamic political entities arose

Give an example of a new Islamic political entity that arose after the break up of Abbasid caliphate

Seljuk empire, in Central Asia it was a strong empire in the region created by the Celtics

Who is Nasir al din al tusi

Muslim scholar, invented trigonometry

How did the kingdom of Ethiopia flourish and what religion was practiced

Through trade, the state was Christian but had a hierarchical power structure

give an example of major cultural and scientific innovations (Muslim world)

Muslim scholars preserved great works of Greek moral and natural philosophy like Plato and Aristotle, they then translated the works to Arabic

What is the house of wisdom (Baghdad)

A library filled with scholarly work, established under Abbasid empire

How did Muslim rule expand

Military expansion

Muslim merchants

Muslim missionaries, much of the conversion that occured in South Asia was the result of Sufi missionaries

What was happening with Buddhism in South Asia

It had been declining, by 1200 Buddhists were mainly reduced to monastic communities

What was the most widespread religion in South Asia

Hinduism was the most widespread religion in South Asia, with Islam being second

Explain state building in South Asia

Delhi sultanate ruled much of northern India but had difficulty in holding onto that rule, which led them to impose a total Muslims state upon the Hindu population

Led to Hindu resistance