San Jose City College MA004 Ch 7 and 8 Review

Flashcards created from the notes for chapters 7 and 8 review, covering key concepts related to the nervous system and muscles.

CN

Cranial Nerve, which are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, including the brainstem.

Spinal nerves

31 pairs of nerves that emerge from the spinal cord and connect to the body, involved in transmitting signals between the body and the central nervous system.

Unit of contraction in muscle fiber

The sacromere is the basic unit of contraction in a muscle fiber.

Muscle tone

The continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, which helps maintain posture.

Action potential transmission

The action potential is transmitted across the muscle fiber through the sarcolemma.

Neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that transmits signals across the neuromuscular junction.

Deltoid role/function

Shoulder abduction.

Triceps brachii role/function

Extension of the elbow.

Pectoralis major role/function

Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the shoulder.

Biceps brachii role/function

Flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm.

Trapezius role/function

Elevation, rotation, and retraction of the scapula.

Quadriceps femoris role/function

Extension of the knee.

Sartorius role/function

Flexion at the hip and knee, and lateral rotation of the thigh.

Soleus role/function

Plantar flexion of the foot.

Gastrocnemius role/function

Plantar flexion of the foot and flexion of the knee.

Tibialis anterior role/function

Dorsiflexion of the foot.

Rectus abdominis role/function

Flexion of the lumbar spine.

Tibialis anterior role/function

Dorsiflexion of the foot.

Polarization

The resting state of the neuron where the inside is more negative than the outside.

Depolarization

The process of making the inside of the cell less negative, leading towards action potential.

Repolarization

The return of the membrane potential to its resting state after depolarization.