Homologous Series !!

Why do the subsequent members of a homologous series show a general increase in their melting and boiling points?

Larger molecules have stronger intermolecular
forces which need more energy to overcome

What is the structural formula?

shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound.

Alkenes are ______ in water

insoluble

What is a homologous series?

a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

What are hydrocarbons?

Molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Compounds containing only single carbon-carbon bonds are described as?

saturated

Compounds containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond are described as?

unsaturated

What do you use to distinguish saturated and unsaturated compounds?

bromine solution

What is the result of using bromine solution to test whether a compound is unsaturated?

Unsaturated compounds decolorise bromine solution

What is an isomer?

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Isomers may belong to?

different homologous series

Isomers have the same number of each type of atom but may have?

different physical and chemical properties

What is a molecular formula?

gives the actual numbers of atoms in a molecule.

What is the shortened structural formula?

shows the position of the atoms in the molecule without showing the bonds

What are alkanes?

a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons

What are alkanes used for?

fuels

alkanes are ____ in water

insoluble

What are the names of the first 8 alkanes?

methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane

What is the general formula for alkanes?

CnH2n+2

What is the maximum number of carbons an alkane can have in its longest straight chain?

8 carbons

What are cycloalkanes?

a homologous series of saturated, cyclic hydrocarbons

what are cycloalkanes used for?

fuels and solvents

Cycloalkanes are ___ in water?

insoluble

What are the names of the first 5 cycloalkanes?

cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane ,cycloheptane

What is the general formula of cycloalkanes?

CnH2n

cycloalkanes are isomers of?

alkenes

What are alkenes?

are a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons

Why are alkenes unsaturated?

Because they have a double carbon-carbon bond (C=C)

What are alkenes used to make?

Polymers and alcohols

What are the names of the first 8 alkenes?

ethene,propene,butene,pentene,hexene , heptene, octene

What is the maximum number of carbons an alkene can have in its longest straight chain?

8 carbons

What is the general formula of alkenes?

CnH2n

What homologous series can undergo addition reactions?

alkenes

What is an addition reaction?

Carbon double bonds break open and a molecule adds into the newly created spaces

Alkenes undergo addition reactions with hydrogen forming?

alkanes

When an alkene and hydrogen form a substance it is known as?

hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo addition reactions with halogens forming?

dihaloalkanes

Alkenes undergo addition reactions with water forming?

alcohols

When an alkene and water form a substance it is known as?

hydration