AP Lang semester exam review (copy)

Alliteration

The repetition of the same initial consonant sounds in a sequence of words, often used to create rhythm or emphasis in poetry and prose.

Allusion

A reference to a person, place, event, or literary work that relies on the reader's familiarity with the referenced subject.

Anaphora

The deliberate repetition of the first part of a sentence or phrase to create emphasis and rhythm in writing.

Antimetabole

A rhetorical device in which a phrase or sentence is repeated in reverse order, often to create a memorable impact.

Antithesis

A rhetorical device that contrasts opposing ideas in a balanced structure to highlight differences and create a clear distinction.

Archaic Diction

The use of words and phrases that are outdated or no longer in common usage, often employed to evoke a sense of historical context or formality in writing.

Cumulative sentence

A sentence that begins with the main idea followed by additional details or modifiers, creating a cumulative effect.

Ethos

A rhetorical appeal to credibility, ethics, or character, used to persuade an audience by establishing trustworthiness.

Exigence

The issue, problem, or situation that prompts someone to write or speak, often driving the purpose of the communication.

Hortative sentence

A type of sentence that urges or encourages action, often using an imperative tone to motivate the audience.

Juxtaposition

The act of placing two or more ideas, characters, or settings side by side to highlight their contrasts and compare their differences.

Logos

A rhetorical appeal to logic and reason, using facts, statistics, and evidence to persuade an audience.

Oxymoron

A figure of speech in which contradictory terms appear in conjunction, creating a paradoxical effect.

Paradox

A statement that appears contradictory or absurd but may reveal a deeper truth upon reflection.

Pathos

A rhetorical appeal to emotion, aiming to persuade an audience by eliciting feelings such as pity, anger, or joy.

Periodic sentence

A long sentence that builds suspense by presenting the main idea at the end, often with multiple subordinate clauses preceding it.

SOAPS

An acronym for Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, and Speaker, used as a tool for analyzing texts.

Synecdoche

A figure of speech in which a part represents the whole or vice versa, often used to create vivid imagery or emphasize a particular aspect.