PAES HARVESTING PART 1

agricultural trailer

trailer designed to carry load for agricultural purposes without power of its own

balanced trailer

agricultural trailer whose total load is supported by at least two axles with four or more wheels when detached from the towing tractor

semi-trailer

agricultural trailer with one axle and two wheels which, while in use, part of its load is transferred to the towing tractor and the rest of the load is carried on its axle

axle load

total static load supported by the wheels on the respective axle

gross load

sum of payload and unladen mass of the trailer expressed in metric tons

ground clearance

vertical distance between the ground and the lowest point of the trailer

over-run brake

brake actuated by a compressive force in the hitch between a trailer and the towing tractor used to decelerate a moving trailer

parking brake

brake actuated by a pedal or lever to keep the trailer in stationary or parked position

payload

uniformly distributed maximum safe load which can be transported by the trailer expressed in tons

service brake

brake actuated by a pedal or lever to decelerate and stop a moving trailer

tow eye

hitch point of the trailer's pullbar to be attached to the towing tractor

unladen mass

mass of a trailer with all its usual fittings but without any load

wheel base

horizontal distance between foremost and rearmost axles or wheels measured at the center of the ground contact

wheel tread

distance between the outermost wheels at the same axle measured at the center of ground contact

Trailer Attached to a Four-Wheel Tractor

For this type of trailer, the overall width of the trailer is equal to the overall width of the platform.

6.0 m.

Trailer Attached to a Four-Wheel Tractor; The overall length of the platform shall not exceed \_____

0.9 m to 1.4 m.

Trailer Attached to a Four-Wheel Tractor; The distance from the foremost end of the platform to the center of the hitch point of the pullbar shall range from \________

2.2 m

Trailer Attached to a Four-Wheel Tractor; The total height of the trailer, with tires inflated at the recommended pressure, shall not exceed \________ when measured from the ground to the top of the sideboard without any extension

1.2 m

Trailer Attached to a Four-Wheel Tractor; The height of the platform, with tires inflated at the recommended pressure, shall not exceed \______ when measured from the ground to the top of the flooring

2.5 m.

Trailer Attached to a Four-Wheel Tractor; The overall width of the trailer measured between the extreme points shall not exceed \_______

½

0\.8 m.

For the balanced trailer, the distance from the rearmost end of the platform to the center of rear wheel and from the foremost end of the platform to the center of front wheel shall be \_______ of the wheel base but not to exceed \_______

⅓

1\.2 m

For the semi-trailer, the distance from the rearmost end of the platform to the center of the wheel shall be \____ of the platform's length but not to exceed \_________.

1.7 m.

Semi-Trailer Attached to a Two-Wheel Tractor; The overall width of the trailer measured between the extreme points shall not exceed \____

2 m.

Semi-Trailer Attached to a Two-Wheel Tractor; The overall length of the platform shall not exceed

1 m.

Semi-Trailer Attached to a Two-Wheel Tractor; The overall width of the platform (see C in Figure 3) measured between the extreme points shall not exceed

2 m

Semi-Trailer Attached to a Two-Wheel Tractor; The total height of the trailer, with tires inflated at the recommended pressure, shall not exceed \______ when measured from the ground to the top of the sideboard or its extension

½ to ⅓

Semi-Trailer Attached to a Two-Wheel Tractor; The distance from the rearmost end of the platform to the center of the wheel shall be \________ of the platform's length

3.5 m.

Semi-Trailer Attached to a Two-Wheel Tractor; The overall length of the trailer (see I in Figure 3) shall not exceed

5 m.

Semi-Trailer Attached to a Two-Wheel Tractor; The overall length of the semi-trailer and the two-wheel tractor shall not exceed

payload.

The capacity of the trailer shall be its \__________

lashing hooks

The trailer shall be provided with \_________ for tying down the load

safety chain

The trailer shall be provided with \_____________ to match the trailer's gross load.

parallel

When the trailer is fully loaded and hitched to the tractor, the platform shall be \___________ to the ground.

hinged or fixed sideboards.

The loading platform may be bare or provided with \_________

PAES 118

PAES 107.

The hitch point of the trailer shall be designed in accordance with the tractor drawbar requirements of four-wheel tractor given in\__________ for and with the hitch of two-wheel tractor given in\________

12 m

20 kph.

The over-run brake along with the tractor service brake shall be able to decelerate and stop the fully loaded tractor-trailer combination within a distance of \________ when traveling at a maximum speed of \________

5 m

10 kph.

The trailer service brake along with the tractor service brake, if fitted, shall be able to decelerate and stop the fully loaded tractor-trailer combination within a distance of \____ when traveling at a maximum speed of \__________

15°

A parking brake shall be provided for all types of trailers. The parking brake shall hold a fully laden trailer on a \________ slope uphill or downhill.

400 N

The maximum force to operate a hand brake lever shall not exceed \__________ . The parking brake should operate on the same drum and shoe or disc and pad as the service brake.

over-run brake.

Trailer attached to a four-wheel tractor designed for more than 6 metric tons gross load shall be fitted with \____

service brake.

Trailer attached to a two-wheel tractor designed for more than 0.5 metric tons gross load shall be fitted with a \______

six amber (yellow)

75 mm

150 mm

The trailer shall be fitted with \___________ reflectors of not less than \_________ diameter placed at a distance of not more than \________ inwards from extreme ends of rear and sides.

park stand

The semi-trailer for four-wheel tractors shall be provided with a \________ to keep it level when detached from the towing tractor.

ISO 4251 Parts 1 to 3.

Agricultural trailer tires shall conform to

PAES 311, - PAES 315

All fasteners used in the trailer shall conform to

slow-moving vehicle (SMV)

The trailer shall be fitted with \___________ emblem. The emblem shall be located at the rear of the trailer with dimensional requirement

125%

30 kph.

The trailer shall not show any sign of breakage or deformation in any part when loaded with \______ of its payload and operated for a minimum of three hours at a maximum speed of \______

3.8 m

The trailer shall not be loaded beyond the height of \_______ when measured from the ground.

six months

The construction shall be rigid and durable without breakdown of its major components within \_______ from purchase by the first buyer.

PAES 103.

The trailer submitted for test shall be sampled in accordance with

8 to 10

Speed Limit on Paved Road (kph) of Two-wheel tractor

15 to 20

Speed Limit on Paved Road (kph) of Four-wheel tractor

4 to 6

Speed Limit on Bare Dirt Road (kph) of Two-wheel tractor

8 to 10

Speed Limit on Bare Dirt Road (kph) of Four-wheel tractor

20 kph

10 kph

The trailer shall be operated at a maximum speed of \_________ for four-wheel tractor and \____ for two-wheel tractor.

AXIAL FLOW THRESHER

throw-in type of thresher which allows the cut plants to move in a helical manner around the threshing cylinder with a net effect of moving the material axially between the feeding and discharge outlets

BLOWER LOSS

ratio of the weight of grains blown with the chaff by the thresher fan, to the weight of thetotal grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent

BROKEN GRAINS

grains that were broken (partially or fully) as a result of threshing operatio

CHAFF

empty grains and crushed straw being discharged from the threshing chamber

COMPACT THRESHER

small sized thresher

CONCAVE GRATE

iron grill frame partially or fully surrounding the cylinder on which the threshing elements rubs, shear and/or impact the cut plants

CRACKED GRAINS

grainswhich show signs of fissures, fractures or splinters

GRAIN-STRAW RATIO

ratio of the weight of the grains present in the panicles, to the total weight of the grain and straw in the same sample

HOLD-ON THRESHER

type of thresher wherein the panicles of the cut plants are fed into the threshing chamber while the stalks are mechanically or manually held during the threshing operation

MECHANICAL RICE THRESHER

machine used to detach and separate the paddy from the panicles

MOISTURE CONTENT

amount of moisture in the grain, expressed as percentage of the total weight of the sample (dry basis

PALAY

unhulled grain of Oryza sativa L., that is, grain with the hull/husk

PEG TOOTH CYLINDER

type of threshing cylinder wherein spikes or pegs are attached on the periphery of the cylinder in tandem or in helical arrangements

PURITY

ratio of the weight of clean grains to the total weight of unclean grains sample, expressed in percent

RASP-BAR CYLINDER

type of threshing cylinder wherein threshing is done between bar-like protrusions in parallelorientation laid on the periphery of the cylinder and stationary bars built into or attached tothe concave grate

RATED ENGINE SPEED

engine speed, indicated in revolutions per minute (rpm) of the engine shaft, as specified by theengine manufacturer for operation at nominal continuous load

SCATTERING LOSS

ratio of the weight of grains that fell out from the machine during threshing operation, to theweight of the total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent

SEPARATION LOSS

ratio of the weight of grains that come out of the threshing chamber with the straw, to theweight of total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent

STANDARD THRESHER

common type of thresher that gives off a capacity of 0.3 - 1.5 tons/hr

STRAW LENGTH

cut plants length measured from the point of cut to the tip of the panicle

THRESHED GRAIN

grains that are detached from the panicles by the thresher inclusive of mature, immature, and damaged grains

THRESHING UNIT

part of the thresher where the grains are detached and separated from the panicles

THRESHING CYLINDER

part of the threshing unit that rotates about an axis and it is equipped with either pegs, rasp bars, or wire loops on its periphery

THRESHING EFFICIENCY

ratio of the weight of the threshed grains collected at all outlets, to the total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent

THRESHING ELEMENT

attachments of the threshing cylinder such as peg tooth, wire-loop and rasp-bar that detaches the grains from the panicles

THRESHING RECOVERY

ratio of the weight of the threshed grains collected at the main grain outlet, to the weight of the total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percen

THROUGH FLOW THRESHER

throw-in type of thresher wherein cut plants are fed between the rotating cylinder and stationary concave, and the threshed materials/straws are discharged out of the threshing chamber tangentially

THROW-IN THRESHER

type of thresher which detaches the grains by feeding the cut plants into the machine

UNTHRESHED LOSS

ratio of the weight of grains that remained in the panicles of the plants fed into the threshing chamber, to the weight of total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent

WIRE-LOOP CYLINDER

type of threshing cylinder wherein wires of the same arc and size are attached on the periphery of the cylinder in tandem arrangement with or without the threshing concave

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)1040 - 1055

Threshing elements shall be made of alloy steel, or heat-treated carbon steel, \_______ or its equivalent

PAKI MEMORIZE NLAANG

Table 1.Performance Criteria for Mechanical Rice Thresher

one (1) year

The construction shall be rigid and durable without major breakdown of the threshing and cleaning mechanisms within \______ after acceptance of the unit

PNS/PAES 102:2000 Agricultural Machinery - Operator's Manual

MECHANICAL RICE THRESHER; An operator's manual which conforms to \___________ - Content and Presentationshall be provided.

PNS/PAES 205:2015- AgriculturalMachinery: Mechanical Rice Thresher - Methods of Test.

Mechanical rice thresher shall be tested in accordance with \____

ACTUAL CAPACITY

the weight of the threshed grain collected from the main grain outlet per unit time

CLEAN THRESHED GRAIN

threshed grain with 100% purity exclusive of the empty grains and other impurities

CONCAVE CLEARANCE

the clearance between cylinder threshing elements and concave component

CORRECTED CAPACITY

the corrected capacity of the thresher at 20% grain moisture content (wet basis), grain-straw ratio of 0.55 and 100% purity

CYLINDER LENGTH

the distance between the outermost points along the cylinder base axis

CYLINDER PERIPHERAL SPEED

the equivalent linear speed of the cylinder tip when running at normal operating speed, expressed in m/s

effective cylinder diameter

outside diameter generated by the outermost point of the cylinder threshing elements

LOWER CONCAVE

a semi-circular shaped wire mesh or bar grate covering the lower portion of the threshing chamber which causes the grains to separate from the panicles

PRIMEMOVER

an electric motor, or a gasoline or diesel fed engine used to run the thresher