Week #2 Medical Imaging Pathology

Terms used to describe imaging features: location, size, density, structure, shape, demarcation, perfusion, integration

Imaging features

A noninvasive imaging modality that uses high-frequency sound waves, produced by electrical stimulation of a specialized crystal. Cross sectional imaging technique

Ultrasound

One of the advantages of ___ is the ability to differentiate cystic, solid, and complex tissues

Ultrasound

Ionizing radiation—x-ray attenuation of breast tissue

Image creation

Digital plate or analog system

Image receptor

Transducer production of multifrequency sound waves

Image creation

Transducer receiving echoed signal

Image receptor

Echo-free tissue or structure

Anechoic (dark region)

Comparison of echo intensities for adjacent tissue

Hyperechoic (lighter shade) + Hypoechoic (darker shade)

Two structures that have the same echogenicity

Isoechoic (same shade)

_ uses radiation to produce cross-sectional images.

Computed Tomography (CT)

In ___, images are obtained by placing the anatomic part in a strong state magnetic field and directing a Radiofrequency pulse (RF) of a specific frequency at the area.

MRI

What is the modality of choice for imaging the CNS, spine, and musculoskeletal conditions.

MRI

Which modality has a process that induces hydrogen atoms (protons) to alternate b/w high-energy and low-energy states by absorbing and then releasing, or transferring energy?

MRI

Requires the patient to to ingest or be injected (IV or IM) with a radio pharmaceutical that emits radiation

Nuclear medicine

Images are created by measuring the signals radiating from the patient

Nuclear medicine

This modality detects some diseases earlier than other modalities and allows for visualization of physiologic processes.

Nuclear medicine

SPECT is an aspect of ___ imaging And uses the same radiopharmaceuticals

NM

Just like CT and MRI, ___ has a computer that uses the data to reconstruct 3D sectional images. Images can be transverse, coronal, or sagittal

SPECT single-positron emission computed tomography

__ uses a radionuclide tracer similar to a naturally occurring substance in the body, such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, or glucose

PET

_ is especially useful in oncology, cardiology, and neurology.

PET

Traces detailed metabolic activity of the area of interest

PET (positron emission tomography)

__ imaging combines anatomic images with metabolic function images and increases the accuracy of a diagnosis

Fusion