Personal Development (Module 1-4)

Personal Development

The lifelong process of assessing skills, setting goals, and maximizing potential.

Johari's Window

A technique devised by psychologists Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham to help people understand themselves by categorizing traits and behaviors into four quadrants:Arena, Facade, Blind Spot, and Unknown.

ARENA

traits and behaviors both yourself and others are aware of

FACADE

known to self but unknown to others

 

BLIND SPOT

aspect of ourselves that we aren’t fully aware of

Personal Development Plan

A roadmap to achieve goals and ensure personal development happens, keeping individuals on track and pointing them in the right direction.

Adolescence

The developmental period from the onset of puberty to the beginning of adulthood, involving psychological and rapid physical changes.

Hormones

Organic substances secreted to regulate physiological acts and maintain homeostasis in the body.

HOMEOSTASIS

state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems

SEX HORMONES

triggers the development of the primary sex characteristics

secondary sex characteristics distinguish the two sexes from each other but not included in reproduction

Puberty

The physiological changes associated with sexual maturation and other body changes during adolescence.

Early Adolescence, Middle Adolescence, and Late Adolescence

3 Stages of Development

EARLY ADOLESCENCE (10-13)

experience the early stages of puberty in development phase, experience major physical growth and intensified sexual interest

MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE (14-17)

puberty is completed, physical growth slows down for females but continues for males

experience numerous social and emotional changes including increased self- involvement and drive for independence

LATE ADOLESCENCE (18-24)

experience few physical developments and more cognitive developments

gain ability to think about ideas rationality, delay gratification, plan for the future, and gain firm sense of identity

Cognitive Development

The development of thinking and reasoning abilities, including complex thinking processes and the ability to think from different perspectives.

Psychological and Social Development

The personal maturation of beliefs, values, and goals, establishing one's own identity and what they want to accomplish.

The Self

Commonly defined as a separate, self-contained, independent, consistent, unitary, and private entity.

Self-Concept

The collection of beliefs about one's basic nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior, including aspirations and desired self-image.

Self-Identity (Erickson)

The search for a unique identity and the ability to answer the question "Who am I?" in the quest for self-discovery.

MORALITY

standards of behavior that are generally agreed on in a culture to be right/proper

learn their moral values through active thinking and reasoning

Holism

An approach to understanding the human mind and behavior that focuses on looking at things as a whole.

Holistic Development

The development of a child's abilities to face the demands and challenges of everyday life, including language, cognitive, social-emotional, and physical development.

Language, Cognitive, Social Emotional, and Physical

Key Elements of Holistic Development

LANGUAGE

part of upbringing, brain develops rapidly, stimulates senses, starts w/ small words, move on to complex sentences

COGNITIVE

thinking, problem-solving, concepted understanding, overall intelligence

SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL

development of areas, expressing/understanding expressions, build confidence & curiosity, social relationships

PHYSICAL

fine motor skills, gross motor skills, hand-eye coordination, balancing, build sensory capabilities

SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE

ability to visualize objects and rotate, transform, and manipulate objects

Thoughts

Ideas, plans, or opinions formed in the mind based on what has been learned.

Feelings

Affective states of consciousness, emotional reactions to a situation or experience.

Affect

various emotional experiences such as emotions, moods, and affective traits

Emotion

mental states that brought by neurophysiological changes associated with thoughts, feelings, and behavioral responses

from Latin word “movare”, meaning to move or to upset

Movare

to move or to upset

Behavior

The external reactions of an organism to its environment, influenced by thoughts, feelings, and attitudes.

Values

Ideals that create meaning and purpose in life, guiding and giving importance to one's actions and beliefs.

Virtues

Positive and desirable qualities that mirror the values they represent.

Attitude

A person's feelings, thoughts, and emotions about another person, object, or situation, based on their evaluation and values system.

Basic Human Drives

Biologically related drives such as hunger and thirst.

Emotional Development Ability

The development of intra-personal abilities, including self-understanding, self-control, and the ability to understand and relate to others.

Shalom H. Schwartz

A social psychologist who created the theory of basic human values, identifying 10 motivationally distinct types of values.

THEORY OF BASIC HUMAN VALUES

identifies 10 motivationally distinct types of values and specifies the dynamic relations among them

SELF DIRECTION

independent thought and action, choosing, creating, and exploring

STIMULATION

excitement, novelty, and challenge in life

HEDONISM

pleasure and sensuous qualification for oneself

ACHIEVEMENT

personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards

POWER

social status in prestige, control, or dominance over people and resources

SECURITY

safety, harmony, and stability of society

CONFORMITY

restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses, that are likely to upset others

TRADITION

respect for tradition, modest, humble, accepting portion in life

BENEVOLENCE

quality of being well meaning: kindness

UNIVERSALISM

equality, unity w/ nature, wisdom, world peace, word of beauty

Physical Development

The development of fine and gross motor skills, coordination, and sensory capabilities.

PHYSICAL CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT

development of gross motor skills-walking, running, climbing, involves the whole body psychomotor abilities-very wide range of fine motor skills that occurs in response to conscious learning from 5 senses

Personal Effectiveness

Making use of personal resources, knowledge of oneself, and effective self-management to impact personal effectiveness.

Experience

Knowledge and skills acquired through cognitive and practical activities.

Knowledge

Required for setting goals, defining action plans, and risk assessment.

Skills

Abilities that determine the performance of actions, which can become habits through repetition.

Determination

The ability to focus on achieving a goal without being distracted by less important things or spontaneous desires.

Self-Confidence

Resulting from self-awareness and manifested in speech, appearance, and physical condition.

Persistence

The ability to keep moving forward despite obstacles and challenges.

Managing Stress

Coping with stress arising from uncertainty and lack of information in unknown situations.

Problem-Solving Skills

Coping with problems and finding new ways to achieve goals through experience and adopting new approaches.

Creativity

The ability to find extraordinary ways to carry out actions and solve problems.

Generating Ideas

The ability to use new, original, and unconventional ideas to achieve goals.

Human Development

focuses on human growth and changes across the lifespan, including physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality, and emotional growth

the study of this is essential to understanding how humans learn, mature, and adapt, humans go through various stages of development

human being is either in the state of growth or decline, but either condition imparts change, some aspects change very little over time, some changed dramatically

Robert J. Havighurst

Proposed a bio-psychosocial model of development, highlighting the developmental tasks at each stage influenced by biology, psychology, and sociocultural factors.

HAVIGHURST DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS DURING LIFE SPAN

Development is continuous throughout the entire lifespan, occurring in stages, where the individual moves from one stage to the next by means of successful resolution of problems

Development

is continuous throughout the entire lifespan, occurring in stages, where the individual moves from one stage to the next by means of successful resolution of problems

INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD (0-5)

learning to walk, take solid foods, talk, sex differences and sexual modesty, acquiring concepts and language, readiness for reading, distinguish right from wrong, develop conscience

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (6-12)

learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games, wholesome attitude toward oneself, get along with agemates, develop fundamental reading skills, writing, calculating, concepts necessary for everyday living, conscience, morality, and scale of values

ADOLESCENCE (13-18)

achieving mature relations with both sexes, feminine/masculine role, emotional independence of adults, accepting one’s physique, socially responsibility behavior, preparing for marriage/family life, economic career, acquiring values and an ethical system to guide behavior

EARLY ADULTHOOD (19-30)

selecting a mate, learning to live with a mate, starting a family, rearing children, managing a home, starting occupation, assuming civic responsibility

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (30-60)

helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults, achieving adult social and civic responsibility, satisfactory career achievement, developing adult leisure time

LATE MATURITY (61+)

adjusting to decreasing strength and health, retirement and reduced income, to death of spouse, establishing relations with one’s own age group, meeting social and civic obligation

Adolescence

period of time with specific health and developmental needs and rights

time to develop knowledge and skills, learn to manage emotions and relationships, and acquire attributes and abilities that will be important for enjoying the adolescent years and assuming adult roles (WHO 2020)

Self-Esteem

The perception of one's worth and how much others value them, affecting mental health and behavior.

Anxiety Problems and Disorders

Conditions characterized by excessive and persistent worry, fear, or unease.

Child Maltreatment

The abuse or neglect of children, which can have long-term negative effects on their mental health.

Learning Problems and Disorders

Difficulties in acquiring and using skills in reading, writing, math, or other academic areas.

Mood Disorders

Mental health conditions that affect a person's emotional state, such as depression or bipolar disorder.

Oppositional and Aggressive Behaviors

Acts of defiance, hostility, or aggression towards others.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors, and being actively engaged in thinking.

Eating Disorders

Severe disturbances in eating behavior and related thoughts and emotions, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

Depression

A mental health disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest, often interfering with daily activities.

Aggressive Behavior

Acts aimed at harming a person, animal, or damaging physical property.

Mania

Abnormally elevated and extreme changes in mood or emotions, energy level, or activity level.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

A behavioral disorder in which children are uncooperative, defiant, and hostile towards peers and authority figures.

Bipolar Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by extreme shifts in mood and energy levels, ranging from manic highs to depressive lows.

Pervasive Development Disorder (PDD)

Delays in the development of socialization and communication skills.

Physical Development

girls completed the physical changes related to puberty by age 15

boys are still maturing and completing development of sexual traits

Emotional Development

• stress over school

• self-involved

• seeks privacy and time alone

• concerned about physical and sexual attractiveness

• complain that parents prevent them from doing things independently

• want both physical and emotional intimacy in relationships

Social Development

The increasing importance of friends, maturity, responsibility, and exploration of romantic and sexual behaviors during adolescence.

Mental Development

The improvement in goal-setting, problem-solving, moral development, and the selection of role models during adolescence.

Self-Esteem

people with high ___________ usually feel more in control of their lives and know their own strengths and weaknesses

Body Image

how you view your physical self, including whether you feel your attractive and whether others like your looks

Puberty and development, media images, family, and school

What influence person’s self-esteem?

PUBERTY AND DEVELOPMENT

some people struggle with their self-esteem and body image when they begin puberty because it’s a time when the body goes through many changes

MEDIA IMAGE AND OTHER INFLUENCES

we might compare ourselves with other people/media images (ideals that are airbrushed)

can affect how we feel about ourselves and our bodies even as we grow into our teens

Media Image

Ideals that are airbrushed