DNA Structure and Cell Biology

These flashcards cover key concepts related to DNA structure, cell membrane proteins, gene functions, and genetic information transmission.

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane holds cell contents in place and regulates the cell's interactions with its environment.

What types of molecules are embedded in the plasma membrane?

Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are embedded in the plasma membrane.

What do recognition proteins do in the plasma membrane?

Recognition proteins provide a 'fingerprint' for identification by other cells.

How do beta-blockers affect adrenaline in the body?

Beta-blockers bind to beta-receptors and prevent adrenaline from binding to the cell, thus reducing anxiety symptoms.

Why is HIV not spread through casual contact?

HIV specifically binds to CD4 markers on certain cells, which are not present on skin cells or in casual contact situations.

What disorder is associated with chloride channel deficits?

Myotonia congenita, also known as 'fainting goats'.

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

What differentiates nucleotides in DNA and RNA?

Nucleotides are differentiated by their nitrogenous base; in DNA, thymine is present, while in RNA, uracil replaces thymine.

What characteristic allows DNA to be described as the universal blueprint of life?

DNA transmits genetic information to the next generation.

What is a gene?

A gene is a section of DNA that gives instructions for building a protein.

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Genotype refers to the genes an organism carries for a particular trait, while phenotype is the physical expression of those genes.

What is meant by 'junk DNA'?

Junk DNA refers to the approximately 98% of human DNA that does not code for genes.