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Commodore Matthew Perry
US Navy Commodore who opened trade with the former isolationist nation of Japan
Emperor Hirohito
Emperor of Japan during WWII. His people viewed him as a god.
Meiji Restoration
the modernization and industrialization of Japan in the 1800's
Treaty of Kanagawa
1854 treaty between Japan and the US. Japan agreed to open two ports to American ships
First Sino-Japanese War (1894-95)
conflict between China and Japan over control of Korea
Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)
Japan's armies and navy defeated Russian troops in Manchuria. This marked the first time an Asian power humbled a European nation.
Anglo-Japanese Alliance
British and Japanese form alliance against Russia.
League of Nations
an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations
Paris Peace Conference (Japan)
Japan requested Racial Equality Clause, but it was not favored among the other leaders.
21 Demands
a list of demands Japan sought to gain greater control over China. (1915)
Internationalism
The belief that nations must engage in international problem solving. This was Japan's policy in the 1920s.
Manchurian Crisis
Japan annexed this area of Northern China in 1931 after an "alleged" Mukden attack by the Chinese. LON response was limited.
Lytton Commission
Investigation set up by LON to look into the Manchurian Crisis. It found Japan unjustified and recommended Japan withdraw from the area.
Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)
Germany and Japan agreed to maintain a common front against communism (China & USSR).
Jiang Jieshi
Chinese nationalist leader that fought and lost against Mao Zedong. He and his followers fled to Taiwan after WWII.
Mao Zedong
Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976
Kwantung Army
Japan's most elite military unit before the Second World War. They were responsible for invading Manchuria.
Rape of Nanjing (Nanking)
Japanese conquest and destruction of the Chinese city of Nanjing in the 1930s
Koda-ha
More radical faction of the Japanese military. Favored a military dictatorship with emperor.
Tosei-ha
Less radical faction of the Japanese military. Emphasized good relations with USSR. Hideki Tojo led this group.
Neutrality Pact with USSR (1941)
Japan and the USSR agreed to not attack each other for 5 years. The USSR broke this agreement in August 1945 when it declared war on Japan.
Tripartite Pact (1940)
Italy, Germany, and Japan formed Axis powers
Hideki Tojo
Japan's prime minister during WWII. He ordered the attack on Pearl Harbor.
1941 Oil Embargo
FDR banned the sale of oil to Japan in response to Japanese aggression. This prompted the Japanese to plan an attack at Pearl Harbor.
Pearl Harbor
American base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japan on December 7, 1941, which angered Americans to enter the war.
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