Cell Structure

Cell Membrane (both)

Supports and protects the cell

Outer covering

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Cytoplasm (both)

Thick, clear, jelly-like structure inside the cell membrane

Cell organelles (ER, vacuoles, mitochondria, and ribosomes) are suspended here

Nucleus (both)

Contains the hereditary material

Surrounded by the nuclear envelope and protects the DNA

Endoplamsic Reticulum (both)

Transports substances

Metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of lipids, steroids and proteins

Golgi Apparatus (both)

Packages molecules by the ER

“Cell’s post office”

Lysosomes (animals)

“Suicide Bags”

Protects the cell by engulfing foreign bodies and for cell renewal

Peroxisomes (both)

Contain enzymes that oxidizes molecules in the cell

Mitochondria (both)

“The powerhouse of the cell”

Produces ATP (energy)

Converts energy from food

Ribosomes (both)

Protein synthesizer

Process the cell’s genetic instructions to create protein

Can float freely or be connected to the ER

Chloroplast (plants)

Primary organelles for photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll

Vacuoles (both)

Stores food, water, and other waste material in the cell

Singular and large in plants

Multiple and small in animals

Prokaryotic cells

Unicellular

Lacks a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

DNA is found in the nucleoid

Bacteria & Archaea

Flagella

prokaryotic

for locomotion

Pili

prokaryotic

exchange genetic material during conjugation

Eukaryotic cells

Has a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

Means “true kernel” or “true nucleus”

Epithelial cells

Found within any other organs

Simple Squamous

Found in air sacks or the lungs

Simple cuboidal

Found in the kidneys and filter out toxins through urinating

Simple columnar

Found in the intestines

Stratified squamous

layered and found in the air sacks/lungs

Stratified cuboidal

Layered and found in the kidneys

Pseudo stratified columnar

Connective tissue

Collagen - protein

Elastin - elasticity

Muscle cells

Cover organs

Nerve cells

Impulses and Neurons