Studied by 2 people
what is a diet
food that is eaten in one day
how many nutrients do humans need
six
what is a nutrient
chemical substances found in every living things on Earth
what provides the body with energy
glucose
what provides the body with energy and makes cell membranes
fats and oils
what is adipose tissue composed of
fat cells
what is the function of adipose tissue
store energy
what fat cells are used in adipose tissue
adipocytes
what is the excess fat and oil under the skin
adipose tissue
what is used as insulation in the body
fats and oils
what is the function of an insulator
reduce heat loss
what cushions around soft organs
fats and oils
what is leptin
hormone that controls the urge to eat
what is commonly in potatoes, wheat, rice
starch
what is the smallest unit of starch
glucose
what is commonly found in meat, eggs, dairy
fats and oils
where is leptin secreted
bloodstream
what does fat-soluble mean
can only be absorbed with the help of fats
why does fat layer around organs
mechanical protection/cushioning
function of proteins
build new cells for growth
what nutrient is commonly found in haemoglobin, insulin, antibiotics
protein
what is commonly found in meat, beans, seeds
protein
what is prolactin
hormone that stimulates milk production after childhood
what are hormones and enzymes made of
proteins
what should be 10-35% of total calorie needed in a day
protein
what should be 45-65% total daily calorie intake
carbohydrates
what is a vitamin
organic compound
why are vitamins needed in tiny amounts
can be toxic in high amounts
what happens when you don’t get enough of a vitamin
you can get a deficiency disease
what are minerals
inorganic substances
what quantity of minerals do you need
small quantities a day
function of fibre
helps in alimentary canal for the digestion process
what is peristalsis
rhythmical muscular contractions that move food through the alimentary canal
what does fibre help with
peristalsis
how much do muscles contract and relax for soft foods
not much
how much do the muscles contract and relax for tougher food
a lot
what does fibre prevent
constipation w
what is constipation
difficulty in emptying the bowels
what is commonly found in oats, wheat, bran
fibre
which nutrient do we not digest
fibre
what organ in the human body used to digest cellulose
appendix
what makes over 60% of the human body
water
importance of water
most of the cytoplasm composed of it
why do cells need water to not dry out
if cells are dry, they will stop reactions and die
what is used for chemical/metabolic reactions in the body
water
what part of the blood is composed mostly of water
plasma
role of the plasma in the blood
transport different substances around the body
what is commonly found in cucumbers, melons, honeydew
water
what deficiency disease do you get for protein
kwashiorkor
what deficiency disease is from lack of vitamin C
scurvy
what deficiency disease is from a lack of vitamin A
night blindness
what deficiency disease is from lack of vitamin B1
Beri Beri
what deficiency disease is from lack of vitamin D and/or calcium
rickets
what deficiency disease is from lack of iron
anaemia
what deficiency disease is from a lack of Iodine
goitre
what deficiency disease is from a lack of Vitamin B
pellagra
what deficiency disease is from a lack of protein that isn’t kwashiorkor
marasmus
what condition could this be
kwashiorkor
what condition could this be
marasmus
what condition could this be
scurvy
what condition could this be
night blindness
what condition could this be
beri beri
what condition could this be
rickets
what condition could this be
anaemia
what condition is this
goitre
what condition could this be
pellagra
what other disease is similar to thyrotoxicosis
goitre
kwashiorkor symptoms
fatigue, lose muscle mass, pot belly, red inflamed skin patches
scurvy symptoms
bleeding gums, loss of teeth, skin spots
night blindness symptoms
dry skin, blindness especially in the dark
beri beri symptoms
affects health and growth of most body parts, numbness in legs, easily exhausted
rickets
soft bones, soft muscles
anaemia symptoms
easily tired, pale skin, weak
goitre symptoms
swelling of thyroid gland, horse voice
pellagra symptoms
death, diarrhoea, dermatitis, dermentia
marasmus symptoms
disappearance of body fat, fatigue, muscles wasting away
function of the human digestive system
converts food we eat into its simplest form
what is the digestive system
group of organs working together to perform digestion
where does broken down food go
absorbed into blood
what is ingestion
food taken in
how do we ingest
use lips, teeth, tongue and swallow
what is digestion
large, insoluble molecules broken into small soluble molecules
what is physical digestion
squeezing, chewing, churning
what is chemical digestion
chemical reactions catalysed by enzymes
where does physical digestion occur
mouth, stomach
where does chemical digestion occur
mouth, stomach, small intestines
why do we need to break down large food pieces
to make small enough to pass through intestine walls
what is absorption
small molecules and mineral ions soaked up into blood
what is assimilation
nutrients becoming part of the body
what is egestion
removing something we can’t digest
how does egestion work
passes as faeces
how is egestion different from excretion
egestion removes food that can’t be digested
what is the alimentary canal
long tube that runs down from the mouth to the anus
what is the pathway for food
the alimentary canal
what is the use of the alimentary canal
for digestion
why are some foods kept in one area of the alimentary canal for a while
muscles close the path
what are sphincter muscles
circular opening and closing muscles along alimentary canal
how does food slide down easily in the alimentary canal
mucus lubricates muscle walls
where does mucus come from in the alimentary canal
goblet cells
what kind of digestion does the alimentary canal help with
physical digestion
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Flashcard (201)