joints and muscles

Definition of a joint

articulations of bones (where two bones meet)

Functions of a joint

hold bones together, movement

Structure of joints

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Function of joints

synarthroses, amphiarthrosis, diarthroses

Fibrous joints are

immovable

Cartilaginous joints are

immovable or slightly movable

Synovial joints are

freely movable

Synarthroses joints are

immovable

Amphiarthrosis joints are

slightly movable

Diarthroses joints are

freely movable

Example of fibrous joints

sutures

Example of cartilaginous joints

pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints

Example of synovial joints

knee

Function of muscles

movement, locomotion, posture, stabilizes joints, body heat

Agonist

primary mover, triggers movement, contracts while another relaxes

Antagonist

balance mover, opposes action of prime mover, contracts to return a limb to its resting position

Synergists

muscle that aids these actions

Examples of agonist muscles

biceps, quadriceps

Examples of antagonist muscles

triceps, hamstrings

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction

Tendonitis

inflammation of the tendon sheaths

Arthritis

inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints

Flexors

biceps, hamstrings

Extensors

triceps, quadriceps

Purpose of the ACL

keeps from hyperextending

How many muscles are there in the human body

over 600

Largest muscle

gluteus maximus

Strongest muscle

masseter

Most powerful muscle

quadriceps

Longest muscle

sartorius muscle

What body system plays a role in contracting and relaxing muscles

nervous system

Flexors

work to flex a joint

Extensors

work to extend a joint

Muscles are named by their

size, location, actions, shape, direction of muscle fibers

What is a bursa

a fluid filled sac between the bones

Muscle to muscle

aponeurosis

Muscle to bone

tendons

Bone to bone

ligaments

Diastastis recti

abdominal separation caused by pregnancy, connective tissue disease, aging, or fitness moves