1/10
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Penicillins
Beta-lactam
(e.g., Amoxicillin, Penicillin G)
Category D
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Bactericidal
Time-dependent
Distributes extracellularly, poor CNS/intracellular unless inflamed
Broad Spectrum: Gram+ and some Gram- (esp. with clavulanate).
Contraindicated in hindgut fermenters (rabbits, guinea pigs), hypersensitivity
Cephalosporins
Beta-lactam
(e.g., Cephalexin, Ceftiofur, Cefovecin)
Category B
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Bactericidal
Time-dependent
Good tissue distribution, poor CNS unless inflamed
Spectrum: 1st gen = Gram+; later gens = more Gram-
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, avoid in small herbivores
Aminoglycosides
(e.g., Gentamicin, Amikacin)
Category C
Protein synthesis inhibitor (30S)
Bactericidal
Concentration-dependent
Poor CNS/ocular penetration; accumulates in kidneys & inner ear; poor absorption via teat (good for pathogens that stay in ducts)
Spectrum: aerobic Gram-, some Gram+ (synergy)
Contraindicated in renal disease, dehydration, neuromuscular disorders
Tetracyclines
(e.g., Doxycycline, Oxytetracycline)
Category D
Protein synthesis inhibitor (30S)
Bacteriostatic
Time-dependent
Excellent intracellular, respiratory, and CNS penetration
Spectrum: broad (Gram+, Gram-, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Rickettsia)
Contraindications: young/pregnant animals (teeth, bone effects); risk of oesophageal injury in cats
Fluoroquinolones
(e.g., Enrofloxacin, Marbofloxacin)
Category B
DNA gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitor
Bactericidal
Concentration-dependent
Excellent intracellular and tissue penetration (esp. respiratory, urinary, prostate)
Spectrum: Gram-, some Gram+, Mycoplasma
Contraindications: growing animals (cartilage damage), cats (retinal toxicity at high doses)
Macrolides
(e.g., Erythromycin, Tylosin, Azithromycin)
Category C
Protein synthesis inhibitor (50S)
Bacteriostatic (cidal at high dose)
Time-dependent
High intracellular and respiratory penetration
Spectrum: Gram+, Mycoplasma, some Gram- respiratory pathogens
Contraindications: GI upset in horses/rabbits, resistance concerns
Lincosamides
(e.g., Clindamycin, Lincomycin)
Category C
Protein synthesis inhibitor (50S)
Bacteriostatic
Time-dependent
Excellent bone, soft tissue, abscess penetration; poor CNS
Spectrum: Gram+, anaerobes, Toxoplasma
Contraindicated in horses, rabbits, ruminants (fatal colitis), cross-resistance with macrolides.
Sulfonamides + Trimethoprim
(e.g., TMS, SMZ-TMP)
Category D
Folic acid synthesis inhibitors
Bactericidal (combo), bacteriostatic (alone)
Time-dependent
Wide distribution incl. CNS, prostate, eye.
Spectrum: broad (Gram+, Gram-, some protozoa)
Contraindications: Dobermans (immune rxns), keratoconjunctivitis sicca, hepatic disease
Chloramphenicol (and Florfenicol)
Protein synthesis inhibitor (50S)
Category C
Bacteriostatic (may be cidal)
Time-dependent
Excellent CNS, eye, and intracellular penetration
Spectrum: broad (Gram+, Gram-, anaerobes, Mycoplasma)
Contraindications: food animals (aplastic anaemia in humans), hepatic disease
Metronidazole
DNA synthesis inhibitor (nitroimidazole)
Category C
Bactericidal
Concentration-dependent
Excellent CNS, abscess, and anaerobic tissue penetration
Spectrum: anaerobes, protozoa (Giardia, Trichomonas)
Contraindicated in food animals, pregnancy (possible teratogenicity)
Antibiotics Licenced in Horses
Penicillin
Potentiated Sulphonamides - Trimethoprim + Sulphonamide
Ceftiofur
Metronidazole
Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin
Fluoroquinolones