Unit 4 AOS1 – Consciousness & Sleep

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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture on consciousness and sleep.

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52 Terms

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Consciousness

The level of awareness an individual has of their thoughts, feelings, perceptions and existence.

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Psychological Construct

Something that we believe exists but is difficult to directly measure, e.g., consciousness or intelligence.

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Sleep

A naturally occurring altered state of consciousness essential for restoration and rejuvenation.

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Continuum of Consciousness

A visual representation showing gradations from low to high awareness states. Ranging from full awareness to unconsciousness.

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What are the two catagories of Types of Conciousness

Normal waking consciousness (NWC)
and altered states of consciousness (ASC).

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Normal Waking Consciousness (NWC)

A state in which we are aware of internal thoughts and external events with clear perception and control.

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Altered State of Consciousness (ASC)

Any condition of consciousness distinctly different from NWC, typically with reduced awareness of stimuli.

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Naturally occiring ASC are

Normal life, no aid is needed to bring this on
eg. Day dreaming, sleep

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Diliberatly indused ASC are

states of consciousness achieved through intentional methods (BRAUGHT ON BY AID), such as meditation or the use of drugs.

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REM Sleep

Rapid-eye-movement stage associated with mind replenishment, vivid dreaming, beta-like waves, and body paralysis.

Phyisiological effect of REM sleep- Hr increases

Summary:
GETS LONGER as night goes on
BETA brain waves
BODY IN PARALYSIS

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Non-REM (NREM) Sleep

Stages of sleep focused on body replenishment, dominated by theta or delta waves and possible movement.

Psysiological- HR decreases

SUMMARY:
GETS SHORTER as night goe on
DELTA Brain waves
BODY MOVEMENT is posible

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One major difference between REM and NREM

NREM i made up of 3 stages while REM sleep is not.

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NREM Stage 1 Sleep

Light transitional sleep featuring hypnic jerks and fleeting images; easy to awaken.

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NREM Stage 2 Sleep

Deeper sleep where heart rate and breathing increase slightly; still easily woken.

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NREM Stage 3 Sleep

Deepest NREM stage with high-amplitude delta waves; duration shortens as night progresses.

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Brain waves (different types)

CLUE: BATD (like how you like your chips!")

Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta

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Subjective Data

Information based on personal feelings or opinions, e.g., sleep diaries or self-reports.

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Objective Data

Facts uninfluenced by emotions, e.g., brain-wave recordings or heart-rate measures.

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Physiological Indicator

A measurable bodily sign such as HR, body temperature, eye movement or galvanic skin response.

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Polysomnogram

Combined EEG, EMG and EOG recordings that provide objective data on sleep.

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DARE

Helpful when defining EEG, EOG, EMG

Detects Amplifies and Recordes Eectricle activity of the … during sleep.

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Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Device that Detects, Amplifies and Records Electrical activity of the brain.

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Electromyograph (EMG)

Device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of skeletal muscles.

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Electro-oculograph (EOG)

Device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of eye-muscle movement.

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Ways to measure brain waves

Amplitude and Frequency

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Amplitude (EEG)

The height of a brain wave; higher amplitude equals larger peaks and troughs.

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Frequency (EEG)

The number of brain waves per second; higher frequency equals faster activity.

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Beta Waves

Low-amplitude, high-frequency brain waves associated with alert wakefulness and REM sleep.

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Alpha Waves

Low-to-medium amplitude, medium-high frequency waves linked to relaxed wakefulness.

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Theta Waves

Medium-high amplitude, low-medium frequency waves typical of early NREM sleep.

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Delta Waves

High-amplitude, low-frequency waves characteristic of deep NREM sleep.

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Sleep Diary

Self-reported log detailing sleep times and perceived sleep quality.

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Video Monitoring

Use of cameras and microphones to objectively record behaviour during sleep.

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Circadian Rhythm

A biological cycle lasting about 24 hours, e.g., sleep-wake or body-temperature cycle.

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Ultradian Rhythm

A cycle occurring more than once in 24 hours, such as the NREM-REM cycle.

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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

Brain region at the optic chiasm acting as the body’s master circadian clock.

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Pineal Gland

Endocrine gland that secretes melatonin to induce sleepiness.

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Melatonin

Hormone that produces a relaxed, fatigued state, facilitating sleep onset.

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Cortisol

Hormone released by the adrenal cortex that promotes morning wakefulness and mediates stress.

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Sleep Deprivation

Failure to obtain the quality or quantity of sleep needed for proper functioning.

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Partial Sleep Deprivation

Obtaining less sleep than required but not complete absence of sleep.

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Total Sleep Deprivation

No sleep for 24 hours or more; impairs functions comparable to high BAC levels.

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ABC-FAB Model

Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive effects from Fatigue, Alcohol or sleep loss

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Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS)

Circadian disorder where sleep and wake times shift later by about three hours; common in adolescents.

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Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD)

Circadian disorder where sleep and wake times occur about three hours earlier; common in elderly.

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REM to NREM ratio across life time

New borns: need 16 hrs (50% REN, 50% NREM)

Infants: need 13 hrs (30% REM, 70% NREM)

Adolecents: need 8 hrs (20% REM, 80% NREM)

Older adults: need 6 hrs (20% REM, 80% NREM)

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Effect of sleep deprevation

Afective- lacking empathy, irritable, overreacting, amplifie emotions

Behvaioural- lashing out, being clumsey, slow, poor hand eye co-ordination, delayed reactions

Cognative- Lack perception of time, dificuilty paying attention, bad memory, dificuilty understanding imple tasks, lacking creativity

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Sleep depravation vs Alchahol key data pts

17hrs of sleep deprevation = 0.05% blood alcohol concentration. (legal driving limitequivalent in terms of impairment.)

24 hrs of sleep deprevation = 0.10% blood alchol concentrations (double the legal limit).

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Bright Light Therapy (BLT)

Exposure to intense light for ≥15 min to shift circadian rhythms; morning for DSPS, evening for ASPD.

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Hypnic Jerk

Sudden muscle twitch experienced during the onset of Stage 1 sleep.

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Restorative Theory of Sleep

View that NREM restores the body and REM restores the mind and neural processes.

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Describing EEG when asleep vs when waking

Sleep- low frequency and high ampitude brainwaves

Waking- low amplitude and high frequency brainwaves.