Unit 4 AOS1 – Consciousness & Sleep

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture on consciousness and sleep.

Consciousness

The level of awareness an individual has of their thoughts, feelings, perceptions and existence.

Psychological Construct

Something that we believe exists but is difficult to directly measure, e.g., consciousness or intelligence.

Sleep

A naturally occurring altered state of consciousness essential for restoration and rejuvenation.

Continuum of Consciousness

A visual representation showing gradations from low to high awareness states. Ranging from full awareness to unconsciousness.

What are the two catagories of Types of Conciousness

Normal waking consciousness (NWC)
and altered states of consciousness (ASC).

Normal Waking Consciousness (NWC)

A state in which we are aware of internal thoughts and external events with clear perception and control.

Altered State of Consciousness (ASC)

Any condition of consciousness distinctly different from NWC, typically with reduced awareness of stimuli.

Naturally occiring ASC are

Normal life, no aid is needed to bring this on
eg. Day dreaming, sleep

Diliberatly indused ASC are

states of consciousness achieved through intentional methods (BRAUGHT ON BY AID), such as meditation or the use of drugs.

REM Sleep

Rapid-eye-movement stage associated with mind replenishment, vivid dreaming, beta-like waves, and body paralysis.

Phyisiological effect of REM sleep- Hr increases

Summary:
GETS LONGER as night goes on
BETA brain waves
BODY IN PARALYSIS

Non-REM (NREM) Sleep

Stages of sleep focused on body replenishment, dominated by theta or delta waves and possible movement.

Psysiological- HR decreases

SUMMARY:
GETS SHORTER as night goe on
DELTA Brain waves
BODY MOVEMENT is posible

One major difference between REM and NREM

NREM i made up of 3 stages while REM sleep is not.

NREM Stage 1 Sleep

Light transitional sleep featuring hypnic jerks and fleeting images; easy to awaken.

NREM Stage 2 Sleep

Deeper sleep where heart rate and breathing increase slightly; still easily woken.

NREM Stage 3 Sleep

Deepest NREM stage with high-amplitude delta waves; duration shortens as night progresses.

Brain waves (different types)

CLUE: BATD (like how you like your chips!")

Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta

Subjective Data

Information based on personal feelings or opinions, e.g., sleep diaries or self-reports.

Objective Data

Facts uninfluenced by emotions, e.g., brain-wave recordings or heart-rate measures.

Physiological Indicator

A measurable bodily sign such as HR, body temperature, eye movement or galvanic skin response.

Polysomnogram

Combined EEG, EMG and EOG recordings that provide objective data on sleep.

DARE

Helpful when defining EEG, EOG, EMG

Detects Amplifies and Recordes Eectricle activity of the … during sleep.

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Device that Detects, Amplifies and Records Electrical activity of the brain.

Electromyograph (EMG)

Device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of skeletal muscles.

Electro-oculograph (EOG)

Device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of eye-muscle movement.

Ways to measure brain waves

Amplitude and Frequency

Amplitude (EEG)

The height of a brain wave; higher amplitude equals larger peaks and troughs.

Frequency (EEG)

The number of brain waves per second; higher frequency equals faster activity.

Beta Waves

Low-amplitude, high-frequency brain waves associated with alert wakefulness and REM sleep.

Alpha Waves

Low-to-medium amplitude, medium-high frequency waves linked to relaxed wakefulness.

Theta Waves

Medium-high amplitude, low-medium frequency waves typical of early NREM sleep.

Delta Waves

High-amplitude, low-frequency waves characteristic of deep NREM sleep.

Sleep Diary

Self-reported log detailing sleep times and perceived sleep quality.

Video Monitoring

Use of cameras and microphones to objectively record behaviour during sleep.

Circadian Rhythm

A biological cycle lasting about 24 hours, e.g., sleep-wake or body-temperature cycle.

Ultradian Rhythm

A cycle occurring more than once in 24 hours, such as the NREM-REM cycle.

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

Brain region at the optic chiasm acting as the body’s master circadian clock.

Pineal Gland

Endocrine gland that secretes melatonin to induce sleepiness.

Melatonin

Hormone that produces a relaxed, fatigued state, facilitating sleep onset.

Cortisol

Hormone released by the adrenal cortex that promotes morning wakefulness and mediates stress.

Sleep Deprivation

Failure to obtain the quality or quantity of sleep needed for proper functioning.

Partial Sleep Deprivation

Obtaining less sleep than required but not complete absence of sleep.

Total Sleep Deprivation

No sleep for 24 hours or more; impairs functions comparable to high BAC levels.

ABC-FAB Model

Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive effects from Fatigue, Alcohol or sleep loss

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS)

Circadian disorder where sleep and wake times shift later by about three hours; common in adolescents.

Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD)

Circadian disorder where sleep and wake times occur about three hours earlier; common in elderly.

REM to NREM ratio across life time

New borns: need 16 hrs (50% REN, 50% NREM)

Infants: need 13 hrs (30% REM, 70% NREM)

Adolecents: need 8 hrs (20% REM, 80% NREM)

Older adults: need 6 hrs (20% REM, 80% NREM)

Effect of sleep deprevation

Afective- lacking empathy, irritable, overreacting, amplifie emotions

Behvaioural- lashing out, being clumsey, slow, poor hand eye co-ordination, delayed reactions

Cognative- Lack perception of time, dificuilty paying attention, bad memory, dificuilty understanding imple tasks, lacking creativity

Sleep depravation vs Alchahol key data pts

17hrs of sleep deprevation = 0.05% blood alcohol concentration. (legal driving limitequivalent in terms of impairment.)

24 hrs of sleep deprevation = 0.10% blood alchol concentrations (double the legal limit).

Bright Light Therapy (BLT)

Exposure to intense light for ≥15 min to shift circadian rhythms; morning for DSPS, evening for ASPD.

Hypnic Jerk

Sudden muscle twitch experienced during the onset of Stage 1 sleep.

Restorative Theory of Sleep

View that NREM restores the body and REM restores the mind and neural processes.

Describing EEG when asleep vs when waking

Sleep- low frequency and high ampitude brainwaves

Waking- low amplitude and high frequency brainwaves.