Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids

Monomer and Polymer of proteins

Monomoer: animo acid 

Polymer: polypeptides

Amino acid is made up of…

"- amino group
- R group
- carboxyl group
- -H 

"

Examples of proteins

• hemoglobin
  - antibodies
  - enzymes

what are peptide bonds

"covalent bonds that link 2 amino acids together 


"

N terminus vs. C terminus

N - start of protein

C - end of protein

Primary structure

• peptide bonds
  
  specific sequence of amino acids linked tg by peptide bonds

Secondary structure

• hydrogen bonds (not covalent)
  
  amino acids start interacting w/ each other, forming a-helix or b-pleated sheets

Tertiary structure

• held together by hydrogen bonds and van der waals interactions 
  
  3D structure 

Quaternary structure

• held together by hydrogen bonds, van der waals interactions, and disulfide bridges
  
  2+ polypeptides bond together to form final functional protein

what is a disulfide bond

covalent bond from 2 -SH 

Covalent: strength, type of amino acid

very strong

polar/nonpolar

Ionic: strength, type of amino acid

strong

charged

Hydrogen bond: strength, type of amino acid

weak

polar uncharged

Van der waals: strength, type of amino acid

very weak

nonpolar