Chapter 37

A key economic transformation of the 1950s was

a. the displacement of large corporations by smaller entrepreneurial businesses.

b. the growth of “white collar” office jobs that increasingly replaced “blue collar” factory labor.

c. the turn from World War II military and defense industries to civilian production.

d.the replacement of “mass consumer production” by “targeted marketing” aimed at particular segments of the population.

b. the growth of “white collar” office jobs that increasingly replaced “blue collar” factory labor.

 When the 1950s began, a majority of American women were

a. working in blue-collar factory or service jobs.

b. raising children and not employed outside the home.

c. pursuing training and education to prepare them for the new positions in service and high technology.

d.agitating for federal child care and other assistance to enable them to assume a larger place in the work force.

b. raising children and not employed outside the home.

The primary force shaping the new consumerism and mass popular culture of the 1950s was

a. the computer.

b. magazines like Playboy.

c. television.

d.evangelical Protestantism.

c. television.

In the 1952 Republican presidential campaign, the  task of attacking the Democratic party and Governor Adlai E. Stevenson as “soft” on Communism fell to

a. Senator Joseph McCarthy.

b. vice presidential candidate Senator Richard Nixon.

c. General Douglas MacArthur.

d.future Secretary of State John Foster Dulles.

b. vice presidential candidate Senator Richard Nixon.

As president, Eisenhower enjoyed great popularity by presenting a leadership style of

a. reassurance, sincerity, and optimism.

b. aggressiveness, boldness, and energy.

c. political shrewdness, economic knowledge, and hands-on management.

d.vision, imagination, and moral leadership.

a. reassurance, sincerity, and optimism.

The Korean War ended with

a. an agreement to unify and neutralize Korea.

b. a peace treaty that provided for withdrawal of American and Chinese forces from Korea.

c. an American and South Korean military victory.

d.a stalemated armistice and continued division of North and South Korea.

d.a stalemated armistice and continued division of North and South Korea.

Senator Joseph McCarthy’s anticommunist crusade finally collapsed when

a. the FBI demonstrated that it had captured all the Soviet spies inside the United States.

b. Eisenhower publicly attacked him as a threat to the Republican party.

c. McCarthy failed to prove that there were communists in the federal government.

d.McCarthy attacked the U.S. Army for alleged communist influence.

d.McCarthy attacked the U.S. Army for alleged communist influence.

The precipitating event that led to the rise of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as the most prominent civil rights leader was

a. the lynching of Emmett Till.

b. the Little Rock school crisis.

c. the Montgomery bus boycott.

d.the passage of the 1957 Civil Rights Act.

c. The Montgomery bus boycott

The primary impetus for civil rights within the federal government came from

a. the Supreme Court.

b. Congress.

c. President Eisenhower.

d.the armed forces.

a. the Supreme Court.

Martin Luther King, Jr.’s own civil rights organization, the SCLC, rested on the institutional foundation of

a. black businesses.

b. black churches.

c. black colleges.

d.northern philanthropic foundations.

b. black churches.

Eisenhower’s basic approach to domestic economic policy was

a. to seek to overturn the Democratic New Deal.

b. to propose major new federal social programs.

c. to turn most New Deal programs over to the states.

d.to trim back some New Deal programs but keep most in place.

d.to trim back some New Deal programs but keep most in place.

Despite his fiscal conservatism, Eisenhower actually outdid the New Deal with his massive federal spending on

a. a transcontinental interstate highway system.

b. a system of medical care for the elderly.

c. intercontinental military bombers and civilian aircraft.

d.agricultural subsidies for American farmers.

a. a transcontinental interstate highway system.

The United States first became involved in Vietnam by

a. providing economic aid to the democratic Vietnamese government of Ngo Dinh Diem.

b. providing economic aid to the French colonialists fighting Ho Chi Minh.

c. providing aid to Ho Chi Minh in his fight against the French colonialists.

d.sending American bombers to defend the French at Dien Bien Phu.

b. providing economic aid to the French colonialists fighting Ho Chi Minh.

Senator John F. Kennedy’s main issue in the campaign of 1960 was that

a. as a Catholic he would better be able to deal with Catholic Latin America.

b. the United States should seek nuclear disarmament agreement with the Soviets.

c. the United States had fallen behind the Soviet Union in prestige and power.

d. the Eisenhower administration had failed to work hard enough for desegregation.

c. the United States had fallen behind the Soviet Union in prestige and power.

One major breakthrough in American literature in the early post–World War II years was

a. the realistic depiction of war and industrial poverty.

b. angry social criticism of the “American dream.”

c. satirical and comic novels by Jewish writers.

d. an optimistic vision of nature and love in the work of American poets and playwrights

c. satirical and comic novels by Jewish writers.