Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions

How are disaccharides formed?

When two monosaccharide monomers join together in a condensation reactions

What type of bond is formed between monomers during a condensation reaction?

A glycosidic bond (covalent bond)

What are the components of sucrose?

Glucose and fructose.

What are the components of lactose?

Galactose and glucose

What are the components of maltose?

Glucose and glucose

What is released in a condensation reaction?

A molecule of water

How is water made?

Removes -OH (hydroxyl group) from one of the molecules and H+ from another

What type of metabolic reaction is condensation reaction?

Anabolic reaction

What does hydrolysis involve?

Breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules

What type of reaction is hydrolysis considered?

A catabolic reaction.

What is required to hydrolyze a glycosidic bond?

An enzyme (e.g., sucrase) and one molecule of water.

Why are polymers deconstructed into monomers?

Can be reused to build new polymers or used as a source of energy.

What are condensation reactions characterized by?

• Water is released

• They are anabolic

• Require energy

• Forms bonds

• Endothermic

• Longer molecules formed

What are hydrolysis reactions characterized by?

• Water is added

• They are catabolic

• Energy is released

• Bonds are broken

• Exothermic

• Shorter molecules formed

What are similarities between the two reactions?

• Both involve water

• Both require enzymes

• Both examples of metabolic processes

Where are polymers digested in and by?

Digestive tract and decomposers

How do decomposers contribute to the digestion of polymers?

Decomposers release digestive enzymes into the environment to break down polymers.

What happens to the products of hydrolysis?

Absorbed and used as monomers