Levels of Organization and Body Systems

These flashcards cover the various levels of biological organization, body systems, and anatomical terms as outlined in the lecture notes.

Chemical Level

The level of biological organization involving atoms such as Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P), forming molecules like DNA.

Cellular Level

The smallest unit of life; all biological processes occur at this level, and each cell has different functions.

Tissue Level

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Organ Level

Structures made up of different types of tissues working together to perform a specific function.

System Level

A group of organs that work together to carry out a particular task, such as the digestive system.

Integumentary System

The system that includes the skin, hair, and associated glands.

Skeletal System

The system composed of bones, cartilage, and joints that supports and protects the body.

Muscular System

The system consisting of skeletal muscles and tendons that allow for movement.

Nervous System

The system including the brain and spinal cord that controls body functions and responses.

Cardiovascular System

The system that includes the heart and blood vessels, responsible for transporting blood throughout the body.

Lymphatic System

A network that includes the tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and vessels that are crucial for immune response.

Respiratory System

The system involved in breathing, including structures like the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Digestive System

The system responsible for processing food, including the mouth, stomach, intestines, and related organs.

Endocrine System

The system of glands that produce hormones to regulate various functions, including growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

Urinary System

The system responsible for filtering waste and excess substances from the blood and excreting them through urine.

Reproductive System

The system involved in producing offspring, including organs like the ovaries, uterus in females, and the testes in males.

Cranial Cavity

The hollow space within the skull that contains the brain.

Pleural Cavity

The space surrounding each lung that is lined by pleura, facilitating movement during respiration.

Pericardial Cavity

The cavity that surrounds the heart, protected by the pericardium.

Mediastinum

The central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the lungs and containing the heart, trachea, and other structures.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The cavity divided into abdominal and pelvic cavities, housing vital organs of digestion and reproduction.

Superior

Referring to a position above another part of the body.

Inferior

Referring to a position below another part of the body.

Proximal

Describes a location closer to the point of attachment or origin.

Distal

Describes a location further away from the point of attachment or origin.