Session 3_ Learning_Canvas-1

Learning

A relatively permanent change in behavior caused by experience.

Behavioral Learning Theories

Theories that assume learning takes place as a result of responses to external events.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an eliciting stimulus to produce a response.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

A stimulus that naturally elicits a response without any conditioning.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairings with the UCS, elicits a conditioned response.

Conditioned Response (CR)

The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become a conditioned stimulus.

Instrumental Conditioning

A learning process in which behavior is influenced by its consequences, leading to reinforcement or punishment.

Positive Reinforcement

When a behavior is followed by a desirable event or state, increasing the likelihood of that behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

When a behavior leads to the removal of an undesirable event or state, also increasing the likelihood of that behavior.

Punishment

Consequences that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Extinction (in learning)

The reduction in the frequency of a behavior that occurs when reinforcements are no longer provided.

Cognitive Learning Theory

A theory that focuses on learning as an internal mental process involving problem-solving and decision-making.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behaviors of others and the outcomes of those behaviors.

Stimulus Generalization

The tendency for stimuli similar to a conditioned stimulus to evoke similar conditioned responses.

Repetition in Marketing

Increased exposures to a brand which lead to higher awareness and learning but can lead to wear out if excessive.

Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment

A study that demonstrated the role of observational learning in children's behavior.