Middle Ages

Manor

• Large farming estate owned by kings

• Surfs worked and had to pay taxes 

• People would hide in the manor when invaders arrived

Feudalism

• Kings didn't Protect everyone

• The Hierarchy 

• Land is passed down from father to son, women could have fief (land) as dowry

• A fief is a word for the piece of land when given in a deal

Simony

-Concept where people would buy positions in the Church 

-Families donated money so their second born sons could pursue a good job

Heretic

Speaks out above the church

Tithe

Christians (who were a part of the church;)  paying tax

Secular

• Referring to worldly power, rather than spiritual power

• Ownership of land, politics, money, etc…

Nobles/Lords

• 3rd on the Hierarchy below the Pope/Church and the Monarch

• Lived in Castles

• Owned land

Peasants/Serfs

• was difficult due to the hard work they had in their jobs

• Could not leave without the lords permission

• Rarely ate meat

• Life span was short due to the negligence of society and not being able to have essential life things

Hierarchy of the Church

Pope

Cardinals

Archbishops

Bishops

Priests

Pope

the leader of the Church.

Cardinals

important church leaders who helped the Pope

Archbishops

in charge of large areas of the Church.

Bishops

 led local areas and had power in their regions.

Priests

worked in villages and helped people with their faith.

Clovis

former King of the Franks. He was the first King to unite the Franks. He was a strong leader and warrior.

Charles Martel

Military leader and Ruler of Francia. He was a Frankish statesman known as the “Hammer.”

Charlemagne

• He was Pepin the Short’s son

• He spread Christian teachings throughout Europe and forced people to convert

• Under his rule, the government divided into regions (controlled by Counts)

• He started schools run by monks

Otto I

• First emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 

• Gained support of the church 

• United the Holy Roman Empire (Germany & Italy)

 Fredrick l

• He is a powerful Holy Roman Empire.  

• He is known for the third crusade. 

• He was an emperor from 1155 till his death in 1190.

Vikings

• from Scandinavia

• boat people basically like pirates or north men

• also attacked Charlemagne empire.

• They raided many places world wide

Noblewomen

inherited an estate from her husband= landowner, send knights to war, educated by tutors, could defend land when their husband was away at war

Peasant women

endless labor, worked side by side with husbands/ family, Domestic duties, poor and powerless

Fall of Rome

• Caused by invaders, the failing of economy

• Downfall for cities and decentralized the governmen

Dark Ages

• The time period following the fall of Rome in Europe

• between the fall of the Roman Empire and the European Renaissance was a period of decline for Europe.

• also called the Middle Ages because it falls in the middle of 2 important time periods: Classical Period (Greece & Rome) and the European Renaissance.

Treaty of Verdun

Division of Carolingian Empire

Concordat of Worms

• a landmark treaty ending the initial Investiture Controversy

• Only the church appoints the bishops

• German princes regain power

Knights

• wore armor to defend their land 

• Followed chivalry

• To become one=1) be of noble class2) pass through training

Pepin III

• The short

• Won land in Rome and gave control to the Pope

  • Papal States

• Carolingians

Inquisition

A period of prolonged and intensive questioning or investigation

1

Ireland

2

England

3

Scotland

4

Spain

5

France

6

Holy Roman Empire

7

Poland

8

Russia

9

Byzantine Empire

10

Scandinavia