Nurs 307 (exam 2): nose, mouth, and throat

know anatomy of nose cavity

nose:

upper third made up of ____; the rest is ______

bone

cartilage

nasal cavity divided medially by ____ into two slit-like air passages

septum

sinuses drain into _____ meatus, and tears from nasolacrimal duct drain into _____ meatus

middle

inferior

Olfactory receptors, hair cells, lie at _____ of the nasal cavity, upper ___ of the septum

roof

third

receptors for smell merge into _______ nerve, ____ nerve I, which transmits to temporal lobe of brain

olfactory

cranial

paranasal sinuses: air filled pockets within the cranium

lighten weight of skull bones provide _____, which drain into nasal cavity

mucus

sinus openings are ___ and easily occluded, which may cause _____ or sinusitis

narrow

inflammation

know the stars

The first segment of respiratory system is ____

nose

The first segment of the digestive system and respiratory system is _____

mouth

______ arching roof of mouth divided into two parts

palate

___ ____ : anterior part (roof of mouth)made of bone

hard palate

___ ___: posterior part (roof of mouth), an arch of muscle that is mobile

soft palate

______: free projection hanging down from middle of soft palate

uvula

______ are side walls of oral cavity

cheeks

_______(tongue): rough, bumpy elevations on its dorsal surface

papillae

______ ____ (tongue): smooth, shiny and has prominent veins

ventral surface

______ (ventral side of tongue): midline fold of tissue connecting tongue to floor of mouth

frenulum

glands secrete: _________ that moistens and lubricates the food bolus, starts digestion, and cleans and protects mucosa

saliva

adults have _____ permanent teeth; ____ in each arch

32

16

Each tooth has three parts:

-

-

-

crown

neck

root

gums:

different from the rest of oral mucosa because of their ____ ___ color and _____ surface

pale pink

stippled

know anatomy of mouth

______: mass of lymphoid tissue; sits between anterior and posterior pillars

tonsils

______: continuous with oropharynx, above oropharynx, and behind nasal cavity

nasopharynx

_____ tonsils (adenoids) and _____ tube openings are located here

pharyngeal

eustachian

infants and children:

teeth, both sets and begins development in _____

utero

______ and _____ most common in asians, intermediate in whites, and least in blacks

cleft lip

cleft palate

_____ and _____ intermediate in whites

cleft lip

cleft palate

_____ and ____ least common in blacks

cleft lip

cleft palate

______ _____: infectious process leading to tooth decay due to interaction of bacteria is on the rise

Dental caries

Complications r/t periodontal disease linked to _____ ______

type two diabetes

increased incidence of oral cancers linked to _____ and changes in _____ norms

HPV

sexual

(allergies)

Do you use ______, _____ ____, or ____ drops? how often? which type?

inhalers

nasal spray

nose drops

Patient-centered care children:

how are child's ____ habits?

use a ______ regularly?

how often does child see a ____?

dental

toothbrush

dentists

Patient-centered care children:

Do you use ______ water or ______ supplement?

fluoridated

fluoride

Patient-centered care children:

are ______ up to date?

vaccinations

Hx Aging Adults:

any ____ in mouth?

dryness

Hx Aging Adults:

are you taking any _______?

medications (note px or OTC)

Hx Aging Adults:

Have you had any loss of ____?

Can you ____ all types of food?

teeth

chew

Hx Aging Adults:

are you able to care for your _____ teeth or dentures

own

Hx Aging Adults:

Have you noticed a change in your sense of ______ or _____?

taste

smell

Position a person sitting ___ ___ with his or her head at your eye level.

up straight

if person wears dentures, offer a paper towel and ask the person to _____ them

remove them

Equipment to inspect mouth:

-

-

-

-

-

otoscope

penlight

two tongue blades

4x4

gloves

nasal cavity inspection:

alternatively use ____ _____

pen light

Palpation of SINUS areas:

using thumbs, press frontal sinuses by pressing ____ and ___ the eyebrows and ____ Maxillary sinuses _____ cheeckbones

up

under

over

below

Normally African Americans may have ____ lips and ____ line on gingival margin

bluish

dark

observation of uvula:

ask the patient to say"______"and note soft palate and uvula rise in midline

ahhhh

Tonsils graded:

1+

visible

tonsils graded:

2+

halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula

tonsils graded:

3+

touching uvula

Tonsils graded:

4+

touching each other

Normally which grade will you see when grading the tonsil size?

1+ or 2+

touching the posterior wall with tongue blade elicits _____ reflex

gag

gag reflex tests cn?

IX (glossophyngeal)

X (Vagus)

asking a person to stick out the tongue; should protrude _____; note any ____, _____ of movement, or _____ to side

midline

tremor

loss

deviation

asking person to stick out tongue tests which CN?

XII hypoglossal nerve

Halitosis: breath smelling fruity- scented can indicate _______

DKA

(DM2) High blood sugar levels increase glucose in saliva providing food for bacteria and plaque build up, if not removed then tooth decay and gums disease may occur causing ________

Halitosis

Newborns are obligate ______ breathers

nose

with a toddler, be alert for possible foreign body lodged in _____ cavity

nasal

normal finding in infants is _____ _____, a small pad in middle of upper lip from friction of breast feeding or bottle-feeding

sucking tubercle

sucking tubercle can be caused by friction of ____ ____ or ____-_____

-breast feeding

-bottle-feeding

_______ ______ on palate are normal findings in newborns and infants

Epstein pearls

Small, whitish, glistening, pearly papule along median roof of hard palate and on gums, where they look like teeth are called?

Epstein Pearls

Gum ______ may occur normally at puberty or during pregnancy

Hypertrophy

pregnancy gingivitis may cause gum _______

gum hypertrophy

Aging Adult:

nose may appear more ____ on face from loss subcutaneous fat

prominant

Aging Adult:

in edentulous (aka lacking teeth) person; mouth and lips fold in, giving a " ______-____" appearance

purse-string

Aging Adult:

teeth may look slightly yellowed, but the color is _____

uniform

Aging Adult:

Teeth may look ____ as gum margins recede

longer

Aging Adult:

tongue looks _____ as a result of _____ atrophy

smoother

papillary

epistaxis

nosebleed

sinusitis

sinus infection

acute rhinitis

(stuffy nose)

(nonallergic)

Lip abnormalities

-

-

-

cleft lip

Herpes simplex 1

Carcinoma

Teeth and Gum Abnormalities:

- ____-______ tooth decay

-_________ caries

- baby bottle tooth decay

- dental

Buccal Mucosa Abnormalities:

- ________ in adults

-______ _____ 1

Candidiasis

Herpes simplex 1

Tongue abnormalities:

- Enlarged Tonge aka ______

macroglossia

oropharynx abnormalities:

- acute ______ and _____

- ____ palate

- tonsillitis and pharyngitis

- cleft

Tongue's ability to change shape and position enhances its functions in:

-

-

-

-

mastification

swallowing

cleansing of teeth

formation of speech