PBSI 302 Exam 3, Chpt 14

replicable

Describing a study whose results have been reproduced when the study was repeated, or replicated. Also called reproducible

direct replication

A replication study in which researchers repeat the original study as closely as possible to see whether the original effect shows up in the newly collected data

conceptual replication

A replication study in which researchers examine the same research question (the same conceptual variables) but use different procedures for operationalizing the variables

replication-plus-extension

A replication study in which researchers replicate their original study but add variables or conditions that test additional questions

meta-analysis

A way of mathematically averaging the effect sizes of all the studies that have tested the same variables to see what conclusion that whole body of evidence supports

file drawer problem

A problem relating to literature reviews and meta-analyses based only on published literature, which might overestimate the support for a theory because studies finding null effects are less likely to be published than studies finding significant results, and are thus less likely to be included in such reviews

HARKing

A questionable research practice in which researchers create an after-the-fact hypothesis about an unexpected research result, making it appear as if they predicted it all along.

p-hacking

family of questionable data analysis techniques, such as adding participants after the results are initially analyzed, looking for outliers, or trying new analyses in order to obtain a p value of just under .05, which can lead to nonreplicable results

open data & open materials

When psychologists provide their full data set, full set of

measures and manipulations on the Internet so other researchers can reproduce the statistical results or even conduct new analyses on it.

preregistration

A term referring to a study in which, before collecting any data, the researcher has stated publicly what the study's outcome is expected to be

theory-testing mode

A researcher's intent for a study, testing association claims or causal claims to investigate support for a theory.

generalization mode

The intent of researchers to generalize the findings from the samples and procedures in their study to other populations or contexts