PHYSIO CELL THEORY

What does LUCA stand for?

Last Universal Common Ancestor

What are the three main regions of a cell?

Plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

Packages molecules for various destinations

What type of transport requires ATP?

Active transport

What is the function of peripheral proteins in the cell membrane?

Act as part of second messenger systems

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesize?

Lipids

What is the primary role of ribosomes?

Translates mRNA into proteins

How does water primarily cross the membrane?

Through specialized channels called aquaporins

What is diffusion?

The random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

What is osmosis?

The movement of water across a membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

What is the osmolarity of a solution containing 50 M glucose and 20 M HCl?

90 osm/L

What happens when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

It will gain water.

What type of transport involves carriers that can only transport one or a select group of solutes?

Carrier-mediated transport

What is phagocytosis?

The process used to move solids into the cell.

What is facilitated diffusion?

The transport of solutes across the membrane from high to low concentration.

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Provides membrane flexibility.

What happens during exocytosis?

Bulk material is carried out of the cell.

What are osmoles?

The total amount of dissolved moles.

What is the process called when a cell shrinks due to the loss of water?

Crenation.

What do integral proteins do?

Act as channels across the cell membrane.

What is the main role of lysosomes?

Contains enzymes to destroy pathogens in the cell.

What is active transport?

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.