AP US History G369 Unit 8 "Freedom from Fear" Key Terms

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key terms from Unit 8 of AP US History focusing on historical figures, events, and legislations relevant to the New Deal and the early Cold War.

A. Philip Randolph

Labor and civil rights leader in the 1940s who demanded fair employment practices.

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (1933)

New Deal program paying farmers not to produce crops to stabilize farm production.

Alfred (Al) Smith

First Catholic nominated for president, lost due to prosperity and his religion.

American Liberty League

Conservative organization criticizing Roosevelt's New Deal policies.

Atlantic Charter (1941)

Joint statement by Roosevelt and Churchill outlining principles for Allied victory in WWII.

Black Cabinet

Network of black officeholders advocating for African American opportunities in the 1930s.

Bonus Army (1932)

Group of WWI veterans lobbying for early payment of promised bonuses.

Brain Trust

Group of advisors advising Roosevelt on economic matters during the New Deal.

Charles Coughlin

Catholic priest who criticized New Deal and became anti-Roosevelt and anti-Semitic.

Court-packing plan

FDR's proposal to appoint more justices to the Supreme Court.

Fireside chats

Roosevelt’s informal radio addresses aimed at instilling confidence in the public.

Frances Perkins

First woman to serve in the Cabinet as Secretary of Labor under Roosevelt.

Francis Townsend

Proposed a pension plan for retirees over 60 to stimulate spending.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President (1933-1945) who led the nation through the Depression and WWII.

Harry S. Truman

Vice president who succeeded FDR and made significant postwar decisions.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)

Tariff that raised duties on imports and worsened the Great Depression.

Herbert Hoover

President blamed for the Great Depression, known for his inflexible approach.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns of unemployed citizens during the Great Depression.

Huey Long

Louisiana governor who proposed wealth redistribution and was assassinated.

Hundred Days

Initial period of FDR's administration marked by significant reform legislation.

Lend Lease (1941)

Program authorizing aid to nations that were vital to U.S. security.

National Labor Relations Act (1935)

Created a board to enforce labor rights and promote organized labor.

National Recovery Administration (1933)

Agency formed to create business-government partnerships to fight the Depression.

Neutrality Acts (1935, 1936, 1937)

Laws preventing U.S. involvement in foreign conflicts.

New Deal (1933-1938)

FDR's series of programs aimed at recovery from the Great Depression.

Pearl Harbor

Naval base attacked by Japan, leading to U.S. entry into WWII.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932)

Program providing loans to businesses and banks during the Great Depression.

Rugged individualism

Hoover's belief in minimal government intervention during the Depression.

Second Front

Proposed invasion of France during WWII to aid the Soviets.

Second New Deal (1935-1936)

Series of FDR's proposals following initial New Deal to continue recovery efforts.

Social Security Act (1935)

Introduced a pension system for retired workers and unemployment assistance.

Chiang Kai Shek

Corrupt leader of China during the 1930s and 1940s.

Domino Theory

Concept that if one nation fell to communism, neighboring nations would follow.

Douglas MacArthur

General who commanded UN forces during the Korean War.

Dwight Eisenhower

President (1953-1961) who emphasized military cost-cutting in foreign policy.

George Kennan

Architect of the containment strategy during the Cold War.

John Foster Dulles

Eisenhower's Secretary of State advocating for aggressive anti-communism.

Joseph Stalin

Leader of the Soviet Union known for his totalitarian regime.

Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist leader who established the People's Republic of China.

Marshall Plan (1947-1954)

U.S. program to aid European recovery post-WWII and contain communism.

Massive retaliation

U.S. military strategy relying on nuclear weapons for defense.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (1949)

Military alliance formed to deter Soviet aggression.

Peaceful coexistence (1955-1960)

Period of reduced tension in U.S.-Soviet relations.

Truman Doctrine (1947)

Policy of U.S. support for countries battling communism.

Yalta Conference (February 1945)

Meeting of Allied leaders to discuss postwar plans.

Alger Hiss

Official accused of espionage for the Soviet Union, leading to political scandal.

House Un-American Activities Committee

Committee investigating communist activity in the U.S.

Joseph McCarthy

Senator who led anti-communist investigations lacking evidence.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Executed for espionage related to atomic secrets.

National Defense Education Act (1958)

Law to enhance education in response to Cold War competition.

Sputnik

Soviet satellite launch that sparked U.S. educational reforms.