Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis - EEB: Biology 195

A series of vocabulary flashcards focused on the concepts of sexual reproduction and meiosis as outlined in the lecture notes.

Haploid

A cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes, typically associated with gametic cells.

Diploid

A cell or organism having two sets of chromosomes, typically associated with somatic cells.

Stages of Meiosis

The series of phases including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase through which a cell divides to produce gametes.

Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, contributing to genetic diversity.

Independent Assortment

The process during meiosis where chromosomes segregate independently, leading to genetic variation in gametes.

Meiosis vs Mitosis

Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four genetically different gametes, while mitosis results in two genetically identical cells.

Importance of Meiosis and Fertilization

Both processes are essential for sexual reproduction, combining genetic material from two parents to create genetic diversity.

Evolutionary Advantages of Sexual Reproduction

Genetic variation that enhances adaptability and survival of species in changing environments.

Genetic Variation Contributors

Factors such as crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization that increase diversity in species.

Asexual Reproduction

A mode of reproduction where offspring are produced from a single parent without the joining of gametes.

Meiosis Consequences

The genetic and evolutionary impacts of meiosis include increased genetic diversity and adaptation opportunities for organisms.

Errors During Meiosis

Mistakes that can occur during meiosis, resulting in conditions such as Down's syndrome, caused by nondisjunction.