Summary and key terms | B.3 Gas Laws

What is pressure, and how is it measured?

Pressure is the force applied per unit area, measured in newtons per metre squared or pascals.

What is the mole in the context of gas particles?

The mole is a quantity used to quantify how many particles there are in a substance, often when dealing with large numbers of gas particles.

What is Avogadro's constant?

Avogadro’s constant is the number of particles in one mole of a substance, approximately 6.02 × 10^23 mol^-1.

What is an ideal gas?

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas that follows all gas laws at all temperatures, pressures, and densities, approximating real gases when conditions are low pressure and high temperature.

What does the ideal gas law equation describe?

The ideal gas law equation describes the relationship between the temperature, pressure, and volume of an ideal gas.

What is the cause of gas pressure?

Gas pressure is caused by collisions between gas particles and the walls of their container due to changes in momentum during a collision.

What does the equation (P = F/A) represent?

The equation represents how to calculate pressure, where P is pressure, F is force, and A is area.

How do you calculate the amount of substance in moles according to the formula (n = N/N_A)?

In this formula, n is the amount of substance in moles, N is the number of molecules, and N_A is Avogadro's constant.

What is the first gas law?

The first gas law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature.

What does the second gas law assert?

The second gas law asserts that volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure.

What is the third gas law?

The third gas law indicates that pressure is directly proportional to temperature at constant volume.

What is the relationship between gas pressure and average velocity?

It is given by the equation P = (1/3) ρ v^2, where ρ is the density.

What is the equation for the internal energy (U) of an ideal gas?

The internal energy can be calculated using U = (3/2)Nk_BT or U = (3/2)RnT, where R is the gas constant.