ENGL 2322 – Dual Credit English IV Midterm Review Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts, themes, and character analyses from the ENGL 2322 Dual Credit English IV Midterm Review Guide.

What is the structure of an English (Shakespearean) Sonnet?

3 quatrains (4 lines each) + final rhyming couplet.

What is the rhyme scheme of a Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet?

Octave - ABBAABBA; Sestet varies (CDECDE, CDCDCD, etc.).

Where does the shift or turn (volta) traditionally appear in an English Sonnet?

In the final rhyming couplet (line 13).

Where does the shift or turn (volta) traditionally appear in a Petrarchan Sonnet?

At the start of the sestet (line 9).

What are FANBOYS in poetry?

Coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) that allow change or contrast within a poem.

How does unusual punctuation indicate a shift in poetry?

Colons, dashes, question marks, and exclamation marks can signal a change in thought or emotion.

What theme do sonnets historically explore?

Common subjects include love, beauty, time, mortality, spiritual reflection, and personal conflict.

What is Nietzsche's Übermensch theory in 'Crime and Punishment'?

The Übermensch is a 'superman' who transcends morality and can commit crimes for higher purposes.

What role does Sonya play as a Christ figure in 'Crime and Punishment'?

Despite being seen as 'fallen,' she embodies morality, compassion, and becomes Raskolnikov's moral guide.

What is the distinction between poverty and degradation as discussed in the novel?

Poverty is a lack of resources, while degradation is losing dignity often due to destructive behaviors.

Why is clothing important to social status in 'Crime and Punishment'?

Clothing serves as an outward marker of class, affecting how characters are judged by society.

How do Raskolnikov and Razumikhin function as foils to each other?

Raskolnikov is isolated and prideful, while Razumikhin is warm and grounded, highlighting Raskolnikov's potential.

What does 'poor man's pride' indicate in Raskolnikov's character?

His refusal to accept help reflects how pride worsens his suffering and isolates him further.

What does rational egoism mean in the context of Raskolnikov and others?

The belief that individuals act in their self-interest; seen when justifying murder or selfish behavior.

What are the symbols behind the brass cross and cypress in 'Crime and Punishment'?

The brass cross symbolizes burden and redemption; the cypress represents mourning and resurrection.

How is suffering portrayed as redemptive in the novel?

Characters gain humility, empathy, and find salvation through their suffering.

What is Hamlet's view on the equality of death?

He reflects that all humans, including great figures, end as dust, stripping away social power.

What does Laertes assert about Ophelia's burial?

He defends her purity against societal judgments, highlighting the tension between social and religious norms.

What is the significance of Hamlet's transformation before his duel with Laertes?

It reflects his acceptance of fate and mortality, leading to a readiness for his final confrontation.

How does Fortinbras honor Hamlet at his death?

He suggests Hamlet be buried with military honors, recognizing his potential as a king and restoring his dignity.