Ace The MCAT Course - Biology Videos Flashcard

The Medical College Admission Test® (MCAT®) is a standardized, multiple-choice examination designed to assess your problem-solving, critical thinking, and knowledge of natural, behavioral, and social science concepts and principles prerequisite to the study of medicine.

Cell Theory

1. All Cells are made up of Cells

2. Cells are basic Unit of Life

3. All Cells come from pre-existing cells

Endomembrane System (endo- = “within”)

A group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

• Nuclear envelope

• Golgi apparatus

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Vesicles

• Lysosomes

Nucleus

• Site of DNA - Transcription happens here

• Controls center of the cell

• Contains genetic materials

Nucleolus

• Inside the nucleus

• Makes ribosomes. Sits in nucleus, no membrane

Nucleoid Region

DNA region in prokaryotes

Ribosomes

• Makes Proteins

• 30S and 40S is where translation occurs

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Smooth ER

  • Detoxification

  • Lipid Synthesis

• Rough ER

  • Embedded in ribosomes

  • Accept mRNA to make proteins.

Plays a key role in the modification of proteins and the synthesis of lipids. It consists of a network of membranous tubules and flattened sacs. The discs and tubules of the ER are hollow, and the space inside is called the lumen

Mit

Golgi Apparatus

• Put proteins in vesicle and prepare them for execration (being released from the cell)

• Package proteins - Protein secretion

• Modify / distribute proteins. Only in eukaryotes

Lysosomes

• Demo & Recycling center. Made by Golgi. Single membrane

• Contains hydrolytic pyrolytic enzymes - breakdown proteins

  • Phagocytosis

  • Exocytosis

  • Endocytosis

  • Pinocytosis

• Endocytosis (endo= in)

• Exocytosis (exo= out)

  • Pinocytosis: Ingestion of liquids via vesicles

  • Phagocytosis: Ingestion of larger solid materials

• Methods of engulfing material into the cells or releasing material out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

• Glycolysis occurs here

Cytosol

Liquid section of the cytoplasm

Peroxisomes

Collect and break down material.

Mitochondria

ETC Occurs here

Got their own DNA

Lysosomes

Cytoskeleton

Microfilaments: Actin

Microtubules: Tubulin

Intermediate Filaments: Keratin = Vimentin; Desmin = Lamin

Tight Junction

Cells meet together so tightly that no liquid can get in.

• The cell is sealed and noting can get inside

Gap Junction

Channels and pores between cells

• Ions and some materials can be exchanged

Desmosome

Connected at one point of the cell