Reproductive health

zoology

India was among the first countries to implement the _____program in ___

family planning program in 1951

family planning program was an improved program to cover wider aspects about reproduction

true false

false

RCH or reproductive and child health care program was an improved program

world population in 1900, 2000, 2011

2 billion, 6 billion, 7.2 billion

India population in 1947, 2000, 2011

350 million, 1billion, crossed 1.2 billion on may 2011

population growth rate in 2011 was

less than 2%

means less than 20 new people/ 1000 people/ year

Amniocentesis is done at _____ weeks of pregnancy

14-18

Amniocentesis used to detect

genetic disorders like SDH

sickle cell anemia

downs syndrome

Haemophilia

Amniocentesis can be used for detection of cleft palate

true false

false

it is not genetic disease

in periodic abstinence, coitus is avoided during

day 10th-17th of menstrual cycle

which hormone is responsible for no periods during lactational amenorrhea

prolactin from anterior pituitary suppresses FSH and LH which results in no follicle development and no ovulation

what is nirodh

does it protect from std?

male condo*

yes

cervical caps, vaults and diaphragm are

reusble?

protect from std?

yes reusable

no does not protect

creams/ jellies used along with physical barrier is spermicidal

true/false

true

one of the most widely accepted contraceptive in india is

IUD intra uterine devices

C

C

1st generation IUD examples and function

non medicated IUD

eg Lippes loop

increase phagocytosis of sperms in uterus

2nd generation IUD examples and function

copper releasing IUD

Cu-7, Cu-T, Multiload 375

Copper ions suppress sperm motility and fertilising capacity

3rd generation IUD examples and function

Hormone releasing IUD

progestasert, LNG 20(levo nor gestrel)

makes cervix hostile to sperms + makes uterus unsuitable for implantation

CDRI lucknow developed a once a week pill which had very less side effects

true false

true

saheli was non steroidal pill with very less side effects and high contraceptive value

hormone releasing iud contain which hormone and what does it do

progesterone only

how hormone releasing IUD inhibit implantation

1. progesterone release inhibits FSH, LH

2. this results in no follicle development and no ovulation

3. no follicle means no estrogen

4. no estrogen means no endometrial lining so no implantation

steroidal and non-steroidal pills examples

• only progesterone= mini pills

both progesterone and estrogen= MalaD, MalaN

• non steroidal= saheli

ideal contraceptive for females who want to space children is

IUD intra uterine device

pills have to be taken daily for a period of _____starting from____with a gap of____

period of 21 days

strating within first five days of menstrual cycle

gap of 7 days (during menstruation)

mode of action of steroidal contraception

1. inhibit ovulation

2. alter cervical mucus quality

3. makes uterus unsuitable for implantation

progesterone alone or in combination with estrogen can be used as injection or implant under the skin

true false

true

mode of action of injection/implants is not similar to pills

true false

false

both are similar

effective period of injection/implants is much longer than pills

true false

true

what has been found effective as emergency contraceptive?

within how much time

within 72 hours of coitus administration of progeterone or estrogen-progesterone combination or IUD

how does saheli work?

it blocks estrogen receptor on uterine endometrium

so no endometrium proliferation

no implantation

sterilisation has good reversibility

true false

false

it has poor reversibility

medical termination of pregnancy amendment act was in year

2017

what was medical termination of pregnancy amendment bill

to reduce incidences of illegal abortion and reduce maternal mortality

in vasectomy, small part of vas deferens is removed or tied up with

small incision in the scrotum

in tubectomy, fallopian tube is cut and removed or tied with

small incision on the abdomen or vagina

contraceptives are regular requirement for maintenance of reproductive health

true false

false not regular requirement

D

C

within the first ___ weeks of pregnancy, opinion of one medical professional is required

two medical practitioners are required when

12

more than 12 weeks and less than 24 weeks

ill effects of MTP are

nausea

abdominal pain

breakthrough bleeding

irregular menstrual bleeding

breast cancer

nearly ____MTP are performed in the world over a year which accounts to ____fraction of total concieved pregnancies in a year

45-50 million

amounts to 1/5th of total pregnancies

Govt of India legalised MTP in year

1971