LGBTQ+ movement

how were gays discriminated against?

some restaurants and bars wouldn't serve gay people

why was the gay community seen to be invisible?

their sexuality was classed as a 'disease'

what did congress say in 1950?

that homosexuality was a mental illness

define 'lavender scare'

it ran parallel to the red scare to root out homosexuals - thousands lost their jobs

what happened to homosexuality after 2003?

it was decreminalised across the counry

what did illinois do in 1962?

reappealed its anti-gay laws

after which incident was the gay rights movement formed?

the stonewall inn incident

describe the stonewall inn incident

- 28 june 1969, NYC

- police raided the bar (did this often) as it was a known gay bar but covered it by saying it was for breaking some liquor laws

- that night a policeman was too rough with one of the customers

400 people began to fight back, throwing things and yelling at the police

- for several nights running, there were protests and clashes with the police in the area around the bar

what was happening over the next few weeks following the stonewall inn incident?

the issue of gay rights exploded - the gay liberation front was set up and a spate of large, peaceful protests for gay rights and against gay oppression were organised

describe gay pride marches

they were held in several cities on 28 august 1970 - NYC march alone had about 10,000 marches

how did the gay rights movement expand rapidly?

local gay rights groups took to the streets in protests, and a combination of public support and the predominantly liberal climate of the late 1960s and 1970s meant that gay rights movement expanded very rapidly

highly visible gay communities sprang up in which cities? what type of areas did they form in and why?

san francisco, NYC, chicago and seattle - they tended to form in areas with a significant counter culture community so levels of welcome and acceptance were high

highly visible gay communities had an effect on who and how?

on both, the public opinion and government reaction - most people discovered that people whom they knew and liked were gay and many of prejudices against gays dissolved in the light of what they knew about actual gay friends and acquaintances

what did polls suggest un 1977?

that over 50% of people believed in equal rights for gays

which group was extremely anti-gay?

the KKK

in which part of the country was there a lot of hostility to gays and why?

much of the south - religious fundamentalism fuelled hostility

what did supreme court do on 13 january 1958?

in its first ruling in favour of gays refused to let the postal service ban gay magazine as 'obscene'

what happened on 21 april 1966?

drink 'sip in' at NYC bar refused to serve gays - NYC commission on human rights rules gays must be served

what happened on 28 june 1970?

marches in NYC, chicago, san francisco and los angeles on stonewall inn anniversary - now seen as the 1st ever gay pride

what did american psychiatric association do on 15 december 1973?

removed homosexuality from its list of mental illness

what happened to kathy kozachenko in janurary 1974?

she became the first ever american to get elected whilst admitting to be gay

what happened to harvey milk on 8 november 1977?

- he was elected in san francisco

- introduced a ruling to stop people being fired for being gay

- campaigned against proposition 6

what was the proposition 6?

this was a move at state level that proposed firing gay teachers and teachers that spoke out in favour of gay rights

what happened to harvey milk on 27 november 1978?

he was assassinated

what happened to dan white (milk's assassin) on 21 may 1979?

he was only given 7 years in prison - leniency was thought to be due to milk being gay

what happened as a result of dan white (milk's assassin) only getting 7 years in prison?

over 5000 protestors march on san francisco's city hall and rioting breaks out - over 120 people were injured

what did the democratic party say in august 1980?

that it will not discriminate against gays and will campaign for their rights

what did the governor of california do between 1979-1981? (gay gains)

appointed 4 openly gay state judges

what did a teenage boy in rhode island do in 1980? (gay gains)

sued his high school for the right to bring a male date to the school prom - he won

in the 1970s as part of the conservative backlash, what did people began doing? (gay limitations)

campaign against gay rights

what kind of law was proposed in dade county in 1977? (gay gains)

to stop discrimination in housing, public facilities e.g. hotels and restaurants, and employment

what did anita bryan do in response to the law that was proposed in dade county in 1977? (gay limitations)

set up 'save our children' (SOC) and collected petitions against this law, saying that gay integration meant 'normal' children would become corrupted

what happened to the law that was proposed in dade county in 1977? (gay limitations)

it was rejected and several similar laws proposed in other states were rejected after action by SOC or similar local groups

groups such as SOC projected an image of gay people as what? (gay limitations)

not self-contained but actively recruiting by preying on the young

was proposition 6 accepted in california? (gay limitations)

it was rejected by voters in california but set off a spate of similar local proposals

what happened to religious right? (gay limitations)

became more outspoken in its opposition to LGBTQ+ and gained more outspoken support from conservatives and increasing support from some republicans (including the later president, ronald reagan)