Rizal's Life and Works

Flashcards about Rizal Law, Philippine Nationalism and Rizal's Life

What was the primary reason for instilling a strong sense of nationalism among the youth through the Rizal Law?

Especially in their formative years, to strengthen the Philippines' fragile state and national identity.

What were some of the key reasons for the passage of the Rizal Law?

Nearing of Rizal's 100th birthday, fragile state of the Philippines post-WWII, and the rise of class-based nationalism due to communism.

According to Senator Claro M. Recto, how would reading Rizal's novels affect the youth?

It would strengthen their Filipinism and foster patriotism.

What was the Catholic Church's main objection to the Rizal Law?

The novels' open criticism of the Catholic Church might jeopardize faith and lead teachers to attack church doctrines.

According to Fr. Jesus Cavanna, what was the primary flaw of Noli Me Tangere?

It was primarily an attack on the clergy and ridiculed the Catholic faith, with only a small portion containing patriotic passages.

According to Fr. Horacio Dela Costa, what makes Rizal a hero?

His intense patriotism, exemplary conduct, courage, and disregard for dangers, as well as his great thoughts and ideas in his novels.

Who presented Senate Bill No. 438, also known as the Rizal Bill, in the Senate?

Jose P. Laurel, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Education.

Why did Senator Francisco 'Soc' Rodrigo oppose SB No. 438?

He feared that reading Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo would cause his son to lose his faith.

What was Senator Decoroso Rosales' concern regarding the approval of the Rizal Bill?

That it would lead to the closure of Catholic schools and the potential rise of a Catholic political party.

According to Mariano Cuenco, what was Rizal's primary target in his writings?

Dogmas, beliefs, and practices of the Catholic Church.

What potential violation did Former Rep. Jesus Paredes claim H.B. 5561 would create?

Section 927 of the Revised Administrative Code, which prohibits teachers from criticizing church doctrines.

What was the main change made to the Rizal Bill to resolve the issues?

The word 'compulsory' was replaced with 'to include,' and a penalty for non-compliance was deleted.

What amount was authorized for the printing and distribution of Rizal's novels?

P300,000.00

What event sparked the beginning of Philippine Nationalism according to the notes?

The events of 1872- GOMBURZA

How did Esteban de Ocampo define a hero?

Prominent and subject to public worship

According to the criteria set on June 3, 1993, what must heroes have a concept of?

Nation

Name three of the major issues during the early years of Spanish colonization in the Philippines.

Forced labor, taxation, encomienda, hacienda system, friar abuses, and poor quality of life/education.

What major economic development led to the Philippines becoming an export economy?

The opening of Manila for world trade.

According to historian Fr. John N. Schumacher, why did liberal nationalists lose motive for maintaining the Spanish colonial regime?

Because the system was exploitative and incapable of producing benefits for the colony, and reforms were not forthcoming.

How did Rizal view the importance of historical investigation?

He believed it was crucial for creating a national consciousness among his countrymen.

What movement was a result of the religious development and contributed to the execution of three martyr priests?

Secularization movement

What is the significance of the adoption of the surname 'Mercado' by Francisco, son of Lam-co and Ines de la Rosa?

It became a popular family name among Chinese merchants in the Philippines.

What decree influenced Francisco Engracio Mercado to add 'Rizal' to the family surname?

Governor-General Narciso Claveria's decree ordering Filipinos to adopt Spanish surnames.

Who was Rizal's first teacher and what values did she instill in him?

His mother, Teodora Alonso, taught him to read, value reading, work with one's hands, and be self-reliant.

What event led to Rizal's mother's unjust imprisonment and how far did she have to walk?

The charge of conspiring to poison a relative; she was forced to walk 50 kilometers from Calamba to the provincial jail in Santa Cruz.

Why did Paciano urge Jose to change his surname from Mercado to Rizal?

To prevent the friars from knowing their affiliation and strong connection with Father Jose Burgos.

What created tension between the Mercado family and the Dominican friars?

The sudden increase of the rental fee and Francisco's decision not to pay rent.

Who was Rizal romantically involved with during his stay in Biñan?

His cousin, Leonor Rivera.

At what university did Rizal acquire a Licentiate of Medicine and a Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters?

Universidad Central de Madrid.

What was the significance of Rizal's first trip abroad and what name did he use to hide his identity?

To study in Spain; he used the name Jose Mercado.

Why did Rizal admire Germany?

For the discipline and passion of the Germans and the country's growth in culture, arts, science, and philosophy.

Who sponsored the publication of Rizal's first novel, Noli Me Tangere, in Berlin?

Maximo Viola

What was the purpose of Rizal's first homecoming in the Philippines in August 1887?

To operate on his mother's eye, establish a clinic, inquire about Leonor Rivera, and help his family with issues in Hacienda Calamba.

Why was Rizal warned not to return home?

Because the publication of Noli Me Tangere caused an uproar among the Friars.

What action did the Calamba tenants take against the Dominican hacienda, that was drafted by Rizal?

They replied with a petition challenging the legitimacy of the land titles that were held by the Dominicans.

What action created a catalyst for Rizal's second trip abroad?

The conflict over the Calamba estate endangered the life of Rizal. Encouraged by friends and family and adhering the advice of the governor-general, Rizal once again left the Philippines en route to Europe.

What observation of the Japanese people made Rizal consider Japan as a potential role model for Filipinos?

Rizal was fascinated by the beauty of the country and the discipline of its people.

What was a negative aspect of America that Rizal noted during his visit?

Racism

What was it about Great Britain that made Rizal's stay in London became his most productive period as a writer and scholar?

He arrived in Liverpool England on May 16, 1888 and then transferred to London where he stayed for almost two years. During his time in London, he published a second edition of Noli Me Tangere and planned to write a novel set in the pre-Hispanic Philippines

What was the result of the election for the Asociacion Hispano-Filipino that made Rizal return to the Philippines?

He was disappointed by the result of the election and decided to return.

What plan did Rizal conceive during his stopover in Hong Kong before returning to the Philippines?

A Filipino colony in North Borneo.

What were the avenues in Spain that Ilustrados, including Rizal, used to campaign for peaceful reforms?

Masonic lodges, Asociacion Circulo Hispano-Filipino, and Indios Bravos.

Name at least 3 goals of the Reform Movement in the Philippines

Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain; Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, the Spanish parliament; Secularization of Philippine parishes; Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality; Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service; Creation of a public school system independent of the friars; Abolition of the polo and vandala; Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and association; Recognition of human rights

Where was the first issue of La Solidaridad published and who was the first editor?

Barcelona, Spain; Graciano Lopez-Jaena.

Who replaced Graciano Lopez-Jaena and because of what characteristic?

Marcelo del Pilar; the latter’s inaction and lack of commitment to the paper.

What European scholars was recruited, befriended Rizal, and met during the latter's tour in Austria-Hungary?

Ferdinand Blumentritt

According to Amado Guerrero, also known as Jose Maria Sison, what did Rizal fail to state categorically?

The need for revolutionary armed struggle to effect separation from Spain

According to William Cameron Forbes, what type of reform did Rizal urge?

Reform within, by publicity, public education, and appeal to the public conscience.

According to Renato Constantino, what type of bourgeois was Rizal, because of him aspiring to elevate the indio?

Assimilationist

According to APART FROM IDEOLOGICAL BIASES, HISTORIAN JOHN SCHUMACHER, what are some points on why RIZAL WAS VIEWED AS AN ASSIMILIATIONIST?

The failure to distinguish between what Rizal were able to say publicly and what they felt privately; The failure to read Rizal’s Noli and his other writings within the context of his personal correspondence at the time he was publishing; The failure to see the Noli not simply as an independent work but as part of a well-thought-out long-range plan

What characteristic of Elias did Rizal wish remained for him to finish the sequel?

Noble character, patriotic, self-denying and disinterested

In Pio Valenzuela's recollection, what specific concern did Rizal emphasize when the Katipunan's plot might be discovered before the arms arrived?

In that case it would be necessary to rise in revolt without awaiting the arms