APUSH Progressives

Jacob Riis

Muckraker who wrote “How the other half lives” which led to calls for gov. to give assistance to the urban poor

Muckrakers

Journalists who practiced what today is called “investigative journalism” in order to spotlight corruption in society

The Jungle

Written in 1906 by muckraker Upton Sinclair, wanted to highlight the plight of the working class but instead raised fears of what was in the meat people were eating - LED TO THE MEAT INSPECTION ACT which led to federal inspection of meat and standards of cleanliness

Ida Tarbell

Muckraker who wrote notable magazines and biographies. Best known for her 1904 book “The History of the Standard Oil Company”

Active Citenzship

Reformers felt that people needed to have more control of gov.

The Direct Primary

Gave voters power to choose the candidates in an election instead of party bosses deciding in closed room

Initiative

Allowed groups of citizens to introduce a law in their state gov and require the legislature to vote on it

Referendum

Allowed proposed laws to be voted on directly by the people instead of just stat legislature

17th Amendment

1913, Congress made senators be chosen by a direct election of the people of a state and not just the state goverments

19th Amendment

Passed in 1919, the Senate granted women the right to vote

1900 election

McKinley chose Roosevelt as VP bc he wanted a war hero (Spanish-American war) with strong ties to the Northeast (from NY) and a progressive. He took over when McKinley was assasinated in 1901

Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”

Broke up big business monopolies, protected the enviorment and public health, and improved working conditions for factory workers

Coal Strike of 1902

Roosevelt personally stopped the stopped the fighting and made them a deal

Northern Securities v. US

The supreme court and roosevelt sued a trust made of 2 large railroads. Established Roosevelt as the “trust-buster”, made the executive branch more powerful, and set the precedent for declaring a trust unconsitutional

Hepburn Act of 1906

Passed by Roosevelt to give the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to set railroad rates to make sure companies did not compete unfairly with each other.

1908 election

Roosevelt does not run and instead hand-picked Taft where he then went on to beat the democratic William Jennings Bryan

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Was passed by Taft and designed to lower tarrifs on goods to limit power of large coperations but ended up barely reducing them. Angered progressives and led to Republican party split.

Election of 1912

The Republican party split led to Democrat Wilson taking stage

Underwood Tariff

Passed in 1914 and established a graduated income tax but cut tariff rate by large %

16th Amendment

Created a national income tax by giving federal powers the right to directly tax citizens

Federal Reserve Act

To restore people’s confidence in banks, Wilson created Federal Reserve system that made banks put a portion of their reserves as a cushion in case of a crisis

Federal Trade Comission

Created by Wilson to regulate American business (breakup monoplies) but it didn’t have the power to order companies to stop unfair trade practices

Clayton Antitrust Act

Gave unions more powers like legalized strikes and boycotts in order to breakup trusts

NAACP

Created in 1909 by W.E.B. Dubois

18th Amendment

Made the sale or consumption of alcohol illegal in U.S (thought it was what caused problems) was led to by temperance movment