Fundamentals of Nutrition

Nutritional status

state or condition of one’s nutrition

Wellness

state of good health w/ optimal body function

Diseases affected by poor nutrition

Hypertension, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, malnutrition, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia

Essential nutrients

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

Carbs

major source of readily usable human energy, 4kcal/gram

Lipids (fats)

hormones, cushioning / storage, vitamin, long-term energy storage. 9kcal/gram

Proteins

muscle, collagen. basic components of all body cells. 4kcal/gram

Water soluble vitamins

B (energy, metabolism, nerve function, muscle control, immune system, cellular division) & C (immune function, tissue repair, wound healing, iron absorbent, antioxidant, skin health)

Fat soluble viatmins

A (good vision), D (obtained from sun, used for calcium / bones), E (breakdowns polyunsaturated fats), K (blood clotting)

Minerals

inorganic elements, found in all body tissues. regulate fluids, functions, growth, tissue building

Water

in all tissues & cells. digestion, plasma, cytoplasm, moving waste material

Energy

metabolism - process where nutrients are used by cells for building tissue, providing energy, and regulating bodily functions1

1 pound loss

3500 kcal/week

Regular diet

• a balanced diet, may have a slightly reduced caloric intake, and may decrease or omit desserts, cream sauces, salad dressings, and fried foods

Liquid diet

nutritionally inadequate and should be used for short periods of time. Fat-free broths, apple and grape juice, plain gelatin, coffee and tea, yogurt, veggie juice, pudding, etc…

Soft foods diet

 require little chewing and should be easy to digest. Bananas, pureed & stained berries, yogurt, pasta, strained soups, etc…

Diabetic diet

low-sugar, low-carb, combination of protein & complex carbs such as omelette w/ veggies

Calorie controlled diet

•  can be low or high calorie

Low cholesterol diet

• restrict foods containing cholesterol such as beef, liver, pork, cream cheese, natural cheese, shellfish, whole milk

Fat restricted diet

• restrict foods high in fats such as cream, whole milk, cheeses, fats, fatty meats, rich desserts, chocolate, nuts, fried foods and salad dressings

Sodium restricted diet

• restrict table salt, processed foods, pickles, olives, smoked meats or fish, sauerkraut and some processed cheeses

  • cardiac disease

Protein diet

• an be low or high protein. Add or restrict high protein foods such as meat, fish, milk, cheeses, eggs

  • major burn = protein diet (b/c of loss of fluid)

Bland diet

• restricting foods that are harder to digest and foods that irritate the digestive tract such as fried foods, heavily seasoned foods, coffee, tea, alcohol, carbonated beverages, nuts, salted meats, etc.

  • ulcers, colitis, disease of digestive tract

Low residue diet

eliminates or limits foods that are high in bulk and fiber such as veggies, whole-grain breads & cereals, nuts, seeds, beans, peas, coconut, & fried foods

Other diets

therapeutic diets that restrict or increase certain nutrients may also be ordered

Portion distortion

over time, sizes of foods grow & calories go up