WHAP: Latin America Social Hierarchy

What is imperialism?

When a strong nation seeks to dominate weaker nations economically, socially and politically

What were the reasons for European exploration?

Gold, God, Glory (3G’s)

Who were the Peninsulares?

The top of Latin America social pyramid, Spaniards born in Spain

Who were the Creoles?

They were under the Peninsulares in the social triangle, Spaniards born in Latin America

Who were the Mestizos?

People of mixed European and Indian ancestry

Who were the Mulattos?

People mixed European and African ancestry

Who are at the bottom of the Latin American social pyramid?

Indians and Africans

Which groups were expected to provide labor (Spanish mit’a)?

Anyone under the Creoles in the social pyramid (Mestizos, Mulattos, Indians/Africans)

How did the Peninsulares politically oppress the Creoles?

By not giving them the important offices

What are the Peninsulares also known as?

Viceroys

Which two groups did the Spanish Crown keep separated?

‘Republic de Indios’ (Amerindians) and ‘Republica de Espanoles’ (Spanish and Creoles)

What are differences in the different republics formed?

Each republic had its own laws, races seperate in terms of marriage, jobs, etc., and castes (sociedad de castas) that developed quickly

How does voodoo fit criteria for a syncretic belief?

Enslaved Africans blended their own beliefs with Church rituals as well

What were the Pueblo revolts (1670s)?

It was caused as the Spanish governor of New Mexico ordered several Pueblo holy men to be executed. It was successful since it kept the Spanish out of New Mexico