5.3.1 - Human Endocrine System

Give the name of the body’s coordination system which involves hormones.

The endocrine system

What is a hormone?

A chemical messenger secreted by a gland. It travels in the blood to a target organ, where it causes a response.

What type of organs secrete hormones?

glands

Which gland controls many other glands in the body?

The pituitary gland

Why is the pituitary gland considered a “master gland”?

It secretes a wide range of hormones, some of which may stimulate other endocrine glands.

What is the role of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?

• Secretes human growth hormone - controls human growth.

• Stimulates the thyroid gland.

• Stimulates ovulation and the production of oestrogen in the ovaries.

• Stimulates the production of sperm and testosterone in the testes.

What is the role of the thyroid gland in the endocrine system?

Secretes the hormone thyroxine - controls metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature.

What is the role of the pancreas in the endocrine system?

Secretes the hormone insulin - controls blood glucose levels.

What is the role of the adrenal gland in the endocrine system?

Secretes adrenaline - controls the body’s “fight or flight” response.

What is the role of the ovaries in the endocrine system?

Secretes oestrogen, which coordinates the menstrual cycle and the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

What is the role of the testes in the endocrine system?

Secretes testosterone, which coordinates the production of sperm and the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.