The eye and ear

Anatomy

Ciliary body

1

suspensory ligaments

2

Cornea

3

Iris

4

pupil

5

Anterior Chamber

6

Lens

7

Vitreous Humor

8

Sclera

9

Choriod

10

retina

11

Macula/fovea centralis

12

optic nerve

13

retinal artery and vein

14

optic disk

15

Myopia

When objects fare away appear blurry (Nearsighted)

Hyperopia

When objects up close appear blurry (Farsighted)

Light focuses in front of the retina (eyes are too large for the lens)

What causes myopia

Light focuses behind the retina (eyes are too small for the lens)

What causes hyperopia

20/200 vision or less

What is the definition of legally blind

Presbyopia

aging of the eyes (trouble focusing them)

Astigmtism

Irregular shaped cornea

tendons attach (whites of eye)

function of sclera

focuses light into the eyes (clear surface in front of the eye)("bends" light into the eyes)

What is the function of Cornea?

Dilate or constrict pupil

What is the function of Iris?

Changes shape to bring things into focus

What is the function of the Lens?

filled with aqueous humor (a fluid that nourishes the cornea and lens, which lack their own blood supply)

What is the function of anterior chamber?

provides nutrients, helps hold shape

What is the function of Vitreous humor?

vascular layer of eye

What is the function of choroid?

see things in detail (central part of the retina)

What is the function of macula?

converts light into electrical signals

What is the function of the retina?

allows for detail/color vision (center of the macula/retina)

What is the function of the fovea centralis?

pinna

1

Hammer (malleus)

2

Anvil (incus)

3

Stirrup (stapes)

4

Auditory Canal

5

Ear drum

6

Semicircular canals

7

Cochlea

8

Auditory nerve

9

Outer

10

Middle

11

Inner

12

Accommodation

The lens changing shape in order to get things into focus is called?

opening for optic nerve/blood vessels (blind spot)

What is the function of the optic disk?

channels sound into the ear

What is the function of the pinna?

conduct sound to the inner ear

What is the function of the stirrup, hammer, and anvil?

vibrates in responses to sound waves

What is the function of ear drum?

detect and respond to head movement (fluid filled, the cause of dizziness after spinning)

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

convert sound waves into electrical signals

What is the function of the cochlea?

transmits signals from the cochlea to the brain

What is the function of the Auditory nerve?

hammer, anvil, stirrup (then stirrup to the cochlea)

in what order does sound pass thru the 3 tiny bones of the ear?

Eustachian tube

What connects the middle ear to the nose? (causes the popping when changing altitudes)

Conductive deafness (middle ear deafness)

when middle-ear bones fail to transmit sound to the cochlea properly (can be corrected with hearing aids or surgery)

Nerve deafness (inner ear deafness)

occurs due to damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or the auditory nerve (damage can be only part of the cochlea, causing a person to only hear certain frequencies)(typically cannot be corrected)

Tinnitus

ringing in the ears, usually due to old age

tapetum lucidum

What gives some animals the ability to see in the dark?

changes the shape of the lens (ciliary muscles) (produces aqueous humor)

What is the function of the ciliary body?