Advanced Placement United States Government Final Exam

The former sugary drink, or "soda tax" that provoked a lot of dissatisfaction in Cook County, is a good example of

Communitarian policy

If I happen to think that the government should leave business alone to get on with it, but needs to crack down on public obscenity and punishing drug abusers, I am most likely a

conservative

John Locke's statement that people want to balance freedom and order in a social contract with their rulers indicates

The classical dilemma of government

People in my town have put forward a binding referendum to fund a new pool at the local public high school. Which kind of government is illustrated here?

Participatory democracy

According to Chapter 1, which is probably the biggest limit on national sovereignty?

Globalization

If it is true that "The kind of government most people want is one in which ordinary people do not have to get involved," which of the following doesn't work very well?

Majoritarian democracy

Some philosophers liked the idea of a "state of nature," before the invention of government or in its absence, but who believed life in this state was "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short?"

Thomas Hobbes

The classical dilemma of government is

Freedom vs. Order

The benefits of government to which every student is entitled are

Rights

How does pluralist theory compare to the realities of contemporary interest group politics?

In theory pluralism allows for groups of citizens with competing political interests to influence the government to make policy changes; in reality interest groups have a high barrier to entry and can be so powerful that they create a limited space for competing political interests

The belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their own pursuits is

Classical Liberalism

If the United States enacts a law that taxes businesses that have facilities within the territory of the United States, it is exercising

National Sovereignty

Which of the following is the main way that Americans have chosen to protect minority rights?

Passing a constitutional amendment

The authority of a government to maintain order and safeguard citizens' health, safety, and welfare is

Police power

The institutional feature of the American system that does the most to preserve two parties under the majority decision rule is

The single-member district

Which of the following goals would require the most activity by government?

Guaranteeing equality of outcome by redistributing income

People who are willing to use government to promote order, but not so much equality, are called

Conservatives

Everyone who believes in SUBSTANTIVE political theory tends to believe in civil rights, but what do they tend to disagree about?

Social equality, or social rights

Single-payer government-sponsored health care for all is much more likely to turn up in which kind of system?

A substantive democracy

When you are looking at a very small democratic political entity, like a city-state or a New England town, you may find that they are ruled by

participatory democracy

To a substantive democrat, a system must guarantee civil rights, which can be trampled under procedural democracy by means of

Majority rule

The constitutional amendments to give the vote to citizens who were former slaves, women, and people over 18 were all geared to giving the American system

Universal participation

The model of democracy most compatible with the existence and power of interest groups is

Pluralism

What is the relationship between public opinion and indirect (representative) democracy?

Public opinion directly affects indirect democracy. If the public put a representative into office they expect that representative to do what the public wants. They are expected to speak for the people who put him/her into office. The reason that a representative is elected is because they are expected to function under the public opinion.

How can both liberals and conservatives favor greater scope of government?

One way is during a pandemic. During COVID both liberals and conservatives, democrats and republicans, believed that the scope of government should be greater in order to help and protect the people of the United States. They needed the government to have more power in order to help people financially and keep the United States financially intact.

How do political and economic instability affect the process of democratization?

The process of democratization is really for the people to be more involved in politics. People should be the ones to select who to put into office. Political instability affects this process by disrupting the flow of what the people want. If no one listens to the people then there really is no democracy. Economic instability affects this as well as if their is really no money, what the people want can't really be put into affect.

The extremes on any chart of political ideologies tend to be totalitarianism and

Anarchism

To Karl Marx, the question that moves history is

the ownership of the means of production

The existence of equality in decision making, where there is one vote per person and all votes are counted equally is

Political Equality

Who is the current mayor of Chicago?

Lori Lightfoot

Who is the current US Speaker of the House of Representatives?

Nancy Pelosi

Who is the current US Senate Minority Leader?

Mitch McConnell

Which of the following modern governments is best described as an autocracy?

The People's Republic of North Korea

The notion that everybody in a democracy should participate in decision-making is

Universal Participation

Which principle of procedural democracy is supposed to be guaranteed by the census and the House of Representatives?

Political Equality

Which of the following PUBLIC GOODS turns out to be more connected with equality than with order?

Education

The fact that there seem to be some schools that graduate a disproportionate share of American leaders suggests that the United States may be less democratic than we wish, and owe more to

Elite Theory

Interest groups are not considered inherently undemocratic, becase citizens may band together to try to influence the government. This is called

Pluralism

The benefits of government that cannot be denied to any citizen by majority decisions are called

Minority Rights

The fact that there are so many business-related bills before Congress and so few related to the interests of the poor suggests to Janda, et al, that which theory of democratic government doesn't work very well?

Pluralism

The Eisenhower Expressway, which brings some of you to school every day, is an example of

Public Goods

Any consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is called

A political ideology

Increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world is

Globalization

If many citizens do not really know much about government, majoritarianism is hard to do. This kind of leaves us with a(n) ______________ system.

Pluralist

The basic definition of government does not include any reference to

Democracy

If I am opposed to any government spending on such things as the arts, national standards in education, business regulations to guarantee equal pay for women and minorities, and government regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, I am probably a(n)

Libertarian

People who want to "drain the swamp!" probably subscribe to the ___________________ theory of American government.

Elite

Thomas Hobbes believed that government's first task is to ensure

Order

What kind of searches are prohibited by the Fourth Amendment?

Unreasonable searches not backed by a warrant or probable cause

There is a phrase near the end of Article 1 which is called the "elastic clause." What does it say?

"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper."

Which president came into office because of the 25th Amendment?

Gerald Ford

Which of the following preserves liberty by making sure no one branch of the government can do everything?

Separation of Powers

Whom can the House of Representatives impeach?

Any federal official

How was the Vice President chosen initially?

He was the runner up

What year was the amendment giving women the vote ratified, and which one is it?

The 19th Amendment, 1920

Why did confederation seem like a good idea to the colonies in 1777?

They were very different and a little suspicious of one another, but had to unite long enough to win the war.

Which amendment in the Bill of Rights is often considered one of the foundations of Federalism?

The Tenth Amendment

The 27th Amendment, the last one we have, took 202 years to ratify. What does it do?

Prevents Congress from raising their salary without an election.

The 17th Amendment provides for the direct election of senators. Which political alliance pressed for this?

The Progressives

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are known for the historical period that created them. What are they called?

The Slavery of Reconstruction Amendments

What does the supremacy clause state?

The Constitution, national laws, and treaties have supremacy over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits

What does the 16th Amendment pertain to?

Income Taxes

Who gets to decide how many federal courts there are?

Congress

Among the divisions which almost sank the Constitutional Convention were the divisions between North and South over slavery, and

Large states v. Small states

How many rights are guaranteed under the Sixth Amendment?

Five

For what can the president be impeached and removed from office?

Treason, bribery, and other high crimes and misdemeanors

In the second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson substitutes his own phrase for Locke's "life, liberty, and property." What does Jefferson consider as important?

"The pursuit of happiness."

The Nine U.S. Supreme Court Justices

John Roberts
Clarence Thomas
Samuel Alito
Sonia Sotomayor
Elena Kagan
Brett Kavanaugh
Neil Gorsuch
Amy Coney Barrett
Ketanji Brown Jackson

Which conflict in the Constitutional Convention led to what became known as the Great Compromise?

Large v. small states.

The 22nd Amendment is supposed to limit the power of which federal official?

The president

Which of the following practices is prohibited by the establishment clause?

Leading a prayer over the public address system before a Texas high school football game.

Which clause in Article I probably gives Congress the most of its power?

The clause allowing it to make all laws it considers "necessary and proper."

Which right(s) is/are guaranteed in the First Amendment?

Religion, speech, press, assembly, & petition.

In addition to proposing and ratifying single amendments, what other process could be used to change the Constitution?

A constitutional convention could be called.

Why did the British government consider it just to impose new taxes on the American colonists in the 1750s?

The Americans had started a very expensive foreign war that had been fought in large part to protect them.

What is judicial review?

The power to declare congressional (and presidential) acts invalid because they violate the Constitution.

President of the United States

Joseph Biden

Vice President of the United States

Kamala Harris

Speaker of the House of Representatives

Nancy Pelosi

House Minority Leader

Kevin McCarthy

Senate Majority Leader

Chuck Schumer

Senate Minority Leader

Mitch McConnell

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

John Roberts

Political power in the American government is divided on the national level among which 3 branches?

The legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

How long is a senator's term?

Six years

Why are the Federalist Papers so important?

They explain the reasoning behind the Constitution by the guys who wrote it

What is necessary to the security of a free state, according to the Second Amendment?

A well regulated militia

Except in case of impeachment, who gets to decide innocence or guilt in the American system?

A jury

Where does the concern about quartering of troops mentioned in the Third Amendment come from?

British behavior during the Revolution; it's mentioned in the Declaration of Independence

Which voting bloc's coming power was anticipated by the passage of the 18th Amendment, instituting Prohibition?

Women

How large a margin is required to amend the Constitution?

A supermajority of 2/3 of both houses of Congress and 3/4 of the state legislatures

What historical event frightened enough of the American leaders to convince them that the Articles of Confederation weren't working?

Shays' Rebellion

Which of the following defines a confederation ?

A loose association of independent states that agree to cooperate on specified matters

If the Senate finds an impeached official to be guilty, they can

remove the official from office and render him/her unqualified for any other

What does the 9th Amendment provide to protect the individual from government overreach?

It says that any rights not listed go to the people anyway

According to the "takings clause" of the Fifth Amendment (otherwise known as eminent domain), why can the government take the land in Oak Park next to the Eisenhower Expressway to widen the road?

Because a major highway is clearly a "public purpose."

How many rights are in the Fifth Amendment, and what do they concern?

Five different ones, all pertaining to due process.

How does the Constitution, as written, explain or mention slavery?

It is never mentioned by name at all but is addressed through compromise

Which of the following is NOT a constitutional limitation on free speech?

Bigoted remarks you find offensive

The division of power between a central government and regional governments is called

federalism