Social Psych Chapter 11 --- Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

What are the ABC's of Prejudice?

Affective, Behavioral, & Cognitive

What is the Affective component of prejudice?

Prejudice refers to the general attitude structure, but more specifically the emotional component

What is the Behavioral component of prejudice?

Discrimination is differential treatment due to group membership

What is the Cognitive component of prejudice?

Stereotype is a generalization about a group that is seen as descriptive of all members of that group

What is Racism?

The belief that one race is inherently superior to others

What are Implicit Attitudes/Bias?

Unconscious attitudes/bias

How is the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measured?

Measured by ease of associating different social categories with positive/negative words

What is Blatant (Old Fashion) Racism?

It is Direct and Bigoted

What is Modern (Symbolic) Racism?

It is Subtle and is an example of "Concept Creep"

What is Benevolent Prejudice?

Positive Stereotypes about groups

What is the danger of Benevolent Prejudice?

If someone is willing to generalize positively, then they are willing to generalize negatively

How does prejudice relate to self-esteem?

Being prejudice tends to "boost" self-esteem

What is Ingroup Bias?

You evaluate the people in your group better than those in the outgroup

What is Basking in Reflected Glory (BIRG)?

Taking pride in the accomplishments of those we associate with in the group

What is the first step of the Social Identity Theory (SIT)?

Self-Esteem/Ego is hurt ——> Prejudice goes up

What is the second step of the Social Identity Theory (SIT)?

Act on that Prejudice ——> Ego/Self-Esteem goes up

How can Intergroup Communication affect the situation in Social Identity Theory?

Intergroup communication can make things better or worse

What is the main function of Stereotypes?

Used as mental shortcuts in order to conserve mental energy

What do stereotypes guide?

They guide attention, memory, and perception

Are stereotypes accurate?

They are NOT ACCURATE (Stereotype ≠ Reality)

When are people more likely to engage in stereotypes?

When they are tired (Tired ——> more likely to engage in stereotypes)

What is General Bias Processing?

Once someone is aware of a stereotype, it alters how they perceive the events around them

Give an example of General Bias Processing

Black people being "aggressive" is a stereotype

What is the difference between Ingroup Similarities and Outgroup Differences?

We assume members of the ingroup are similar to us, while members of the outgroup are all different

Give an example of assuming Outgroup Differences

Assuming all Black people were raised in the same environment

What is the Outgroup Homogeneity Effect?

When members of the outgroup are viewed as more similar to each other than those of the ingroup

Give an example of the Outgroup Homogeneity Effect

"They're all the same."

What is Paired Distinctiveness?

Experiencing two rare & distinct events at the same time that stand out

——> cause stereotypes

Is media involved in Paired Distinctiveness?

No media involved

What is Selective Attention?

How we maintain stereotypes

What is Subtyping?

Explaining away people that don't fit a certain stereotype (Preserves original stereotype)

What is the Economic Perspective on the origins of prejudice?

Idea that prejudice results from different social groups competing over scarce resources

What is the Motivational Perspective on the origins of prejudice?

Idea that prejudice results from motivations to view one's ingroup more favorably than outgroups

What is the Cognitive Perspective on the origins of prejudice?

Idea that prejudice results from biases in social cognition due to schemas about differences between ingroup & outgroup members

What is the Realistic Group Conflict Theory?

Competition for scarce resources will increase conflict among groups

What is Ethnocentrism?

To glorify one's own group more

What is a prediction of the Realistic Group Conflict Theory?

Strong feelings of prejudice will come from the group that feels they have the most to lose

Give an example of this prediction in action

Greater hostility is directed toward immigrant groups during economic recessions

What was the lesson learned from the Robbers Cave Experiment?

If we focus on why the groups we're in are different from another group, and not the unity, then the prejudice goes up

What is the Contact Hypothesis?

When groups are together, prejudice goes up

What is a Subordinate Goal?

Goals that remind two groups to work together

What is the Common Enemy Approach?

Rooted in negative feelings towards the main group (Emphasis on division)

What is the Common Humanity Approach?

Rooted in humanity & unity towards other groups (Emphasis on oneness)

What is Hyper-Racialized Identity?

The focus being on the sub-identity more than the shared identity

Give an example of Hyper-Racialized Identity focus

More focus on gender, race, and sexual orientation (sub) rather than national origin (shared)

What are Microaggressions?

Statements that are not offensive unless you choose to interpret them offensively

Give an example of a statement that could be a microaggression

"So... what are you?"

What is the issue if you are "looking for prejudice"?

If you're looking for prejudice, you're going to find it ——> even when it's not there

What are microaggressions examples of?

Microaggressions are examples of searching for hidden prejudice

What is a key takeaway about microaggressions?

Just because something can be perceived as prejudice doesn't mean it should be