Evidence for Evolution

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and terminology related to the evidence of evolution, including anatomical, molecular, and fossil evidence.

Evolution

The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

Homologous Structures

Anatomical features in different species that are similar due to common ancestry, but may serve different functions.

Analogous Structures

Structures in different species that are similar in function but not due to common ancestry; result from convergent evolution.

Vestigial Structures

Remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestors but are no longer used in the same way.

Transitional Fossils

Fossils that exhibit traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group.

Adaptive Radiation

The rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor in response to new environmental opportunities.

Phylogenetic Tree

A diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Speciation

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Fossil Record

A historical record of life on Earth through the preserved remains, tracks, or traces of organisms.

Biogeography

The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.