Endocrine System Random Flashcards

Flashcards related to the endocrine system and related drugs.

Endocrine System

Controls reproduction, metabolism, and immune function.

Insulin

Hormone that stimulates glucose and fatty acid uptake.

Oxytocin

Hormone causing parturition, milk let-down, and regulates stress/reward pathways.

Negative Feedback Loop

Product inhibits its own synthesis.

Constant use of pharmacotherapy

Can disrupt normal feedback loops, causing testicular atrophy.

Why hormones are used in therapy

Replacing a hormone not being made, decreasing the size of a hormone-responsive tumor, or creating an exaggerated response.

Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Regulates hormone secretion.

POMC - Pro-opiomelanocortin

Neurons in the hypothalamus that regulate energy balance and food intake.

Corticotrope

Cells in the anterior pituitary

ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol.

Lipotropin

Stimulates melanocytes, steroidogenesis, and lipolysis.

Posterior Pituitary

Makes ADH and Oxytocin by neurons.

Hypophyseal portal system

Specialized portal vein that carry stimulating hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe of the pituitary

GNRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

Increases FSH and LH, leading to inhibition of testosterone biosynthesis.

Growth Hormone

Can be abused and increases muscle growth, and metabolism

MOA of Somatotropin (Humatrop)

Direct stimulation to growth hormone receptors, stimulates the release of insulin like growth factor from the liver IGF1

Acromegaly

Enlarged bones in feet, face, skull, sloping forehead, broad nose, very tall, etc.

Octreotide (Sandostatin)

Decreases Growth Hormone IGF1.

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

D2 agonist.

ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)

Controls hydration, regulates water balance and blood pressure.

How ADH works

Increasing water absorption at the kidney collecting duct.

Diabetes Insipidus

Rare condition with depressed ADH synthesis with the loss of LARGE volumes of water

Desmopressin (Stimate)

Artificial vasopressor ADH that lasts 20 hours.

Vasopressors

Increases blood pressure by decreasing arterial diameter

T3 and T4

Thyroxine comes in these forms.

T3

Active form of thyroid hormone (3 iodides)

T4

Inactive form of thyroid hormone(4 iodides)

TH (Thyroid Hormone)

Controls basal metabolic rate, impacts GI, heart, neuromuscular function, myelination.

Follicular cells

Secrete TH, T3 and T4.

Parafollicular cells

Secrete calcitonin and are involved in CA Homeostasis.

Primary Hypothyroidism

Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid.

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

T4 then T3, active.

Hyperthyroidism

Treated by destruction or removal of thyroid.

Propothiouracil (PTU)

Inhibits thyroid peroxidase, involved in formation of thyroglobulin, which is broken down into T3 and T4 and converts T4 to T3.

Adrenal Glands

Innervated by the sympathetic nervous system